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Dataset · V-Dem Institute

Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group

34 years, 1990–2023 · 174 countries

V-Dem's index of exclusion by socio-economic group asks how far poorer people are shut out: whether wealth decides who holds political power, whose civil liberties are respected, and who gets public services, state jobs and state business. It runs from 0 to 1, and a higher figure means more exclusion.

This site holds every year from 1990 to 2023, read from V-Dem Institute’s own data and stored exactly as published.

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Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group · the file

Newest
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2023
Held
34 years · 5,935 rows
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

0134 years

Every year

Every year comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. Each opens the full table for that year; each downloads as a CSV.

1990bar height: countries covered, up to 1762023
Every year of Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group held on this site, newest first, with its download files.
YearCountriesChangeReadDownload
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2023Newest174−1September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2022175−1September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2021176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2020176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2019176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2018176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2017176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2016176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2015176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2014176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2013176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2012176±0September 29, 2026CSV
Show all 34 years

Every year in one file, one row per country per year: socioeconomic-exclusion-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv

023 columns

What’s in the file

Every column, what it holds, how it is stored and what its values look like — what a reader needs before opening the file.

Every column in the newest file of Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group: what it holds, how it is stored, and its range.
ColumnWhat it holdsStored asRange, 2023DistinctEmptySpread
CountrycountryNameThe country’s name, as this file spells it.Text—1740
ISO Codecountry_codeIdentifierThe ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, added by this site. Every table here joins on it.Text · 3 letters—1740
Exclusion by socio-economic group (0–1; higher = more exclusion)socioeconomic_exclusionHeadlineThe headline figure: Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion).Number · up to 3 decimals0.014Norway0.969Central African Republicmiddle 0.4141570

Profiled from the newest file. Range: the lowest and highest value, with the country holding it when only one does. Spread: countries in ten equal steps from lowest to highest. A higher value is the worse result.

03176 countries across every year

Who is covered

How many countries each year holds, continent by continent, who joined and who left, and which places this site covers that the dataset never has.

All regions
Countries in each year of Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, by continent.
201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Africa555555555555555555555454
Americas272727272727272727272727
Asia484848484848484848484848
Europe404040404040404040404040
Oceania666666666665
All176176176176176176176176176176175174

The newest 12 of 34 years.

Who joined and who left

04Provenance

Where it comes from

The path from the publisher to this page, and what was checked and changed on the way.

The site’s method
  1. 1 · Publisher

    V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg

  2. 2 · Their file

    Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group 2023

  3. 3 · Read by this site

    September 29, 2026

    Imported by a script that parses each figure and writes it down unrounded.
  4. 4 · Stored as

    34 files, one per year

    Each downloads as a CSV, or every year together as socioeconomic-exclusion-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv
  5. 5 · Used on

    Its statistic page, and every profile it measures

Precision

The headline is stored to 3 decimals, as published.

Rounded by this site

Never. Tables on screen may show fewer decimals; the files never do.

Changed by this site

Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

From the V-Dem Institute's Country-Year Core dataset (v16), University of Gothenburg, published under CC BY-SA 4.0. The series here starts in 1990 so that every row belongs to a present-day country, and ends in 2023, the last year the v16 release covers for this index.

05Reuse

Licence and credit

What the publisher’s licence lets you do, what it asks of you, and a credit line and citation ready to copy.

Every publisher’s terms

Licence · checked September 29, 2026

CC BY-SA 4.0

  • Share and redistribute it
  • Adapt it and build on it
  • Use it commercially
  • Credit the publisher
  • Say what you changed
  • Publish anything adapted from it under the same licence

Share, adapt and use commercially with credit — and anything you publish that adapts it must carry the same licence.

A credit line

Source: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, via Nations Inquiry.

Cite this dataset

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg. Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1990–2023 [data set]. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/socioeconomic-exclusion

The publisher’s own citation: Coppedge, M. et al. V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v16. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project, University of Gothenburg.

Plain-language summary, not legal advice. The licence text is what binds.

06Where it is used

Around the site

Where these numbers appear on this site, and the datasets nearest to it.

07Questions

Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group: questions and answers

What is the Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group?

V-Dem's index of exclusion by socio-economic group asks how far poorer people are shut out: whether wealth decides who holds political power, whose civil liberties are respected, and who gets public services, state jobs and state business. It runs from 0 to 1, and a higher figure means more exclusion.

Which years of the Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group can I download?

All 34, from 1990 to 2023, each as a CSV file, or every year together in one CSV.

Does V-Dem Institute rank countries on it?

No. V-Dem Institute publishes values only. The positions shown on this site are derived by ordering the published values, and are labelled as ours.

Can I use it commercially?

Yes, under CC BY-SA 4.0, with credit to V-Dem Institute. The licence text is linked on this page.

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