Dataset · V-Dem Institute
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group
34 years, 1990–2023 · 174 countries
V-Dem's index of exclusion by socio-economic group asks how far poorer people are shut out: whether wealth decides who holds political power, whose civil liberties are respected, and who gets public services, state jobs and state business. It runs from 0 to 1, and a higher figure means more exclusion.
This site holds every year from 1990 to 2023, read from V-Dem Institute’s own data and stored exactly as published.
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group · the file
- Newest
- Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2023
- Held
- 34 years · 5,935 rows
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
0134 years
Every year
Every year comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. Each opens the full table for that year; each downloads as a CSV.
| Year | Countries | Change | Read | Download |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2023Newest | 174 | −1 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2022 | 175 | −1 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2021 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2020 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2019 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2018 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2017 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2016 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2015 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2014 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2013 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
| Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 2012 | 176 | ±0 | September 29, 2026 | CSV |
Show all 34 years
Every year in one file, one row per country per year: socioeconomic-exclusion-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv
023 columns
What’s in the file
Every column, what it holds, how it is stored and what its values look like — what a reader needs before opening the file.
| Column | What it holds | Stored as | Range, 2023 | Distinct | Empty | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CountrycountryName | The country’s name, as this file spells it. | Text | — | 174 | 0 | |
ISO Codecountry_codeIdentifier | The ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, added by this site. Every table here joins on it. | Text · 3 letters | — | 174 | 0 | |
Exclusion by socio-economic group (0–1; higher = more exclusion)socioeconomic_exclusionHeadline | The headline figure: Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion). | Number · up to 3 decimals | 0.014 | 157 | 0 |
Profiled from the newest file. Range: the lowest and highest value, with the country holding it when only one does. Spread: countries in ten equal steps from lowest to highest. A higher value is the worse result.
03176 countries across every year
Who is covered
How many countries each year holds, continent by continent, who joined and who left, and which places this site covers that the dataset never has.
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 |
| Americas | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Asia | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 |
| Europe | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| Oceania | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| All | 176 | 176 | 176 | 176 | 176 | 176 | 176 | 176 | 176 | 176 | 175 | 174 |
The newest 12 of 34 years.
Who joined and who left
Not in this dataset · 49 places this site covers
V-Dem Institute gives no figure for these in any year held here. It is the publisher’s choice of scope, and each place’s profile shows what is measured.
04Provenance
Where it comes from
The path from the publisher to this page, and what was checked and changed on the way.
1 · Publisher
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
2 · Their file
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group 2023
3 · Read by this site
September 29, 2026
Imported by a script that parses each figure and writes it down unrounded.4 · Stored as
34 files, one per year
Each downloads as a CSV, or every year together as socioeconomic-exclusion-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv5 · Used on
Its statistic page, and every profile it measures
Precision
The headline is stored to 3 decimals, as published.
Rounded by this site
Never. Tables on screen may show fewer decimals; the files never do.
Changed by this site
Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.
From the V-Dem Institute's Country-Year Core dataset (v16), University of Gothenburg, published under CC BY-SA 4.0. The series here starts in 1990 so that every row belongs to a present-day country, and ends in 2023, the last year the v16 release covers for this index.
05Reuse
Licence and credit
What the publisher’s licence lets you do, what it asks of you, and a credit line and citation ready to copy.
Licence · checked September 29, 2026
- Share and redistribute it
- Adapt it and build on it
- Use it commercially
- Credit the publisher
- Say what you changed
- Publish anything adapted from it under the same licence
Share, adapt and use commercially with credit — and anything you publish that adapts it must carry the same licence.
A credit line
Source: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, via Nations Inquiry.
Cite this dataset
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg. Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1990–2023 [data set]. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/socioeconomic-exclusion
The publisher’s own citation: Coppedge, M. et al. V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v16. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project, University of Gothenburg.
Plain-language summary, not legal advice. The licence text is what binds.
06Where it is used
Around the site
Where these numbers appear on this site, and the datasets nearest to it.
Charted
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group by countryWho is highest, the map, the spread, who rose and fell, and the records.
Subjects
Near neighbours
- Gini IndexWorld Bank Group · 22 held · 2002–2023
- Poverty Gap at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 22 held · 2002–2023
- Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy DietFAO · 9 held · 2017–2025
07Questions
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group: questions and answers
What is the Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group?
V-Dem's index of exclusion by socio-economic group asks how far poorer people are shut out: whether wealth decides who holds political power, whose civil liberties are respected, and who gets public services, state jobs and state business. It runs from 0 to 1, and a higher figure means more exclusion.
Which years of the Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group can I download?
All 34, from 1990 to 2023, each as a CSV file, or every year together in one CSV.
Does V-Dem Institute rank countries on it?
No. V-Dem Institute publishes values only. The positions shown on this site are derived by ordering the published values, and are labelled as ours.
Can I use it commercially?
Yes, under CC BY-SA 4.0, with credit to V-Dem Institute. The licence text is linked on this page.