Data for 1990

Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1990

1990, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1990 covers 168 countries. El Salvador is highest, at 0.929; Denmark is lowest, at 0.010. The middle country reads 0.422.

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Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group · Data for 1990

HighestEl Salvador

0.929

LowestDenmark

0.010

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the lowest end. A higher value is the worse result.

168countries
1measure
1990the year it describes
159distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1990, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 168 countries · select a heading to sort

Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1990: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	El SalvadorSLVCentral America	0.929
2	DR CongoCODMiddle Africa	0.922
3	HaitiHTICaribbean	0.917
4	Timor-LesteTLSSouth-eastern Asia	0.907
5	YemenYEMWestern Asia	0.902
6	South AfricaZAFSouthern Africa	0.897
7	GuatemalaGTMCentral America	0.896
8	BangladeshBGDSouthern Asia	0.895
9	DjiboutiDJIEastern Africa	0.879
10	SomaliaSOMEastern Africa	0.875
11	AfghanistanAFGSouthern Asia	0.871
12	MauritaniaMRTWestern Africa	0.866
13	ColombiaCOLSouth America	0.851
14	AngolaAGOMiddle Africa	0.844
15	CambodiaKHMSouth-eastern Asia	0.843
16	Central African RepublicCAFMiddle Africa	0.826
17	MadagascarMDGEastern Africa	0.818
18	CameroonCMRMiddle Africa	0.815
19	EritreaERIEastern Africa	0.814
20	SudanSDNNorthern Africa	0.805
21	MaliMLIWestern Africa	0.790
22	IndonesiaIDNSouth-eastern Asia	0.784
23	BurundiBDIEastern Africa	0.782
24	MyanmarMMRSouth-eastern Asia	0.776
=25	ChadTCDMiddle Africa	0.774
=25	MalawiMWIEastern Africa	0.774
27	ParaguayPRYSouth America	0.772
28	Dominican RepublicDOMCaribbean	0.768
29	EgyptEGYNorthern Africa	0.765
30	Equatorial GuineaGNQMiddle Africa	0.762
31	TajikistanTJKCentral Asia	0.756
32	HondurasHNDCentral America	0.742
33	MexicoMEXCentral America	0.739
34	IraqIRQWestern Asia	0.729
35	PeruPERSouth America	0.728
36	LiberiaLBRWestern Africa	0.716
37	NigeriaNGAWestern Africa	0.715
38	TogoTGOWestern Africa	0.713
39	Papua New GuineaPNGMelanesia	0.712
40	RwandaRWAEastern Africa	0.707
41	GuineaGINWestern Africa	0.705
42	EthiopiaETHEastern Africa	0.694
43	NicaraguaNICCentral America	0.693
44	GabonGABMiddle Africa	0.682
45	KenyaKENEastern Africa	0.679
46	PhilippinesPHLSouth-eastern Asia	0.672
47	OmanOMNWestern Asia	0.665
48	GambiaGMBWestern Africa	0.648
49	Guinea-BissauGNBWestern Africa	0.647
50	Sierra LeoneSLEWestern Africa	0.637
51	Republic of the CongoCOGMiddle Africa	0.631
52	Saudi ArabiaSAUWestern Asia	0.622
53	ComorosCOMEastern Africa	0.618
54	UgandaUGAEastern Africa	0.610
55	MozambiqueMOZEastern Africa	0.609
56	São Tomé and PríncipeSTPMiddle Africa	0.604
57	PakistanPAKSouthern Asia	0.600
58	FijiFJIMelanesia	0.594
59	EcuadorECUSouth America	0.581
60	Côte d’IvoireCIVWestern Africa	0.575
61	BahrainBHRWestern Asia	0.566
62	Solomon IslandsSLBMelanesia	0.554
63	ThailandTHASouth-eastern Asia	0.550
64	MoroccoMARNorthern Africa	0.542
65	UzbekistanUZBCentral Asia	0.540
66	MalaysiaMYSSouth-eastern Asia	0.535
67	LebanonLBNWestern Asia	0.526
68	LaosLAOSouth-eastern Asia	0.523
69	SurinameSURSouth America	0.501
70	Sri LankaLKASouthern Asia	0.499
71	NamibiaNAMSouthern Africa	0.498
72	United Arab EmiratesAREWestern Asia	0.492
73	BoliviaBOLSouth America	0.463
74	ChinaCHNEastern Asia	0.458
75	AzerbaijanAZEWestern Asia	0.457
76	North KoreaPRKEastern Asia	0.454
77	EswatiniSWZSouthern Africa	0.453
78	JordanJORWestern Asia	0.452
79	PanamaPANCentral America	0.440
80	TanzaniaTZAEastern Africa	0.439
=81	BeninBENWestern Africa	0.437
=81	NepalNPLSouthern Asia	0.437
83	LesothoLSOSouthern Africa	0.432
84	SenegalSENWestern Africa	0.423
85	KuwaitKWTWestern Asia	0.421
=86	IranIRNSouthern Asia	0.415
=86	ZambiaZMBEastern Africa	0.415
88	BhutanBTNSouthern Asia	0.414
89	IndiaINDSouthern Asia	0.407
90	QatarQATWestern Asia	0.404
91	LibyaLBYNorthern Africa	0.403
92	KyrgyzstanKGZCentral Asia	0.401
93	ZimbabweZWEEastern Africa	0.397
94	GuyanaGUYSouth America	0.395
95	ChileCHLSouth America	0.388
96	MaldivesMDVSouthern Asia	0.387
97	Cabo VerdeCPVWestern Africa	0.383
98	VietnamVNMSouth-eastern Asia	0.341
99	SerbiaSRBSouthern Europe	0.336
=100	AlgeriaDZANorthern Africa	0.335
=100	TürkiyeTURWestern Asia	0.335
102	BrazilBRASouth America	0.330
103	VenezuelaVENSouth America	0.327
104	TurkmenistanTKMCentral Asia	0.324
105	Burkina FasoBFAWestern Africa	0.322
106	VanuatuVUTMelanesia	0.316
107	TunisiaTUNNorthern Africa	0.314
108	AlbaniaALBSouthern Europe	0.313
109	NigerNERWestern Africa	0.300
110	KazakhstanKAZCentral Asia	0.298
111	SyriaSYRWestern Asia	0.294
112	GeorgiaGEOWestern Asia	0.290
113	ArgentinaARGSouth America	0.286
114	MongoliaMNGEastern Asia	0.278
115	BotswanaBWASouthern Africa	0.270
116	JamaicaJAMCaribbean	0.236
117	CyprusCYPWestern Asia	0.227
118	Trinidad and TobagoTTOCaribbean	0.226
119	RomaniaROUEastern Europe	0.224
120	SeychellesSYCEastern Africa	0.219
121	GhanaGHAWestern Africa	0.204
122	MoldovaMDAEastern Europe	0.203
123	IsraelISRWestern Asia	0.178
124	RussiaRUSEastern Europe	0.177
125	ArmeniaARMWestern Asia	0.169
126	IrelandIRLNorthern Europe	0.166
=127	New ZealandNZLAustralia and New Zealand	0.152
=127	United KingdomGBRNorthern Europe	0.152
129	BarbadosBRBCaribbean	0.140
130	Costa RicaCRICentral America	0.134
131	CubaCUBCaribbean	0.128
132	PortugalPRTSouthern Europe	0.127
133	United StatesUSANorthern America	0.122
134	MauritiusMUSEastern Africa	0.118
135	South KoreaKOREastern Asia	0.109
136	UruguayURYSouth America	0.106
137	UkraineUKREastern Europe	0.104
138	Hong KongHKGEastern Asia	0.103
139	GreeceGRCSouthern Europe	0.095
140	SloveniaSVNSouthern Europe	0.089
=141	IcelandISLNorthern Europe	0.087
=141	TaiwanTWNEastern Asia	0.087
143	LatviaLVANorthern Europe	0.084
=144	CanadaCANNorthern America	0.079
=144	PolandPOLEastern Europe	0.079
146	MaltaMLTSouthern Europe	0.078
147	SpainESPSouthern Europe	0.075
148	BulgariaBGREastern Europe	0.067
149	FranceFRAWestern Europe	0.064
=150	BelgiumBELWestern Europe	0.059
=150	HungaryHUNEastern Europe	0.059
152	ItalyITASouthern Europe	0.054
153	EstoniaESTNorthern Europe	0.053
154	LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe	0.051
155	SingaporeSGPSouth-eastern Asia	0.042
=156	AustriaAUTWestern Europe	0.038
=156	LuxembourgLUXWestern Europe	0.038
158	CzechiaCZEEastern Europe	0.036
159	NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe	0.034
160	SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe	0.033
161	FinlandFINNorthern Europe	0.032
162	JapanJPNEastern Asia	0.030
163	AustraliaAUSAustralia and New Zealand	0.025
164	GermanyDEUWestern Europe	0.024
165	BelarusBLREastern Europe	0.023
166	NorwayNORNorthern Europe	0.015
167	SwedenSWENorthern Europe	0.014
168	DenmarkDNKNorthern Europe	0.010

02In 1990

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1El Salvador0.929
2DR Congo0.922
3Haiti0.917
4Timor-Leste0.907
5Yemen0.902

Lowest

168Denmark0.010
167Sweden0.014
166Norway0.015
165Belarus0.023
164Germany0.024

A higher value is the worse result. The middle country reads 0.422. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

03Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

The site’s method

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1990.
159 distinct values among 168
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share 0.774. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only. The order here sorts the published values, and the page says so wherever it prints one.
Which end is better
A higher value is the worse result.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 168 countries has every column.

04The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
168 rows · 4.6 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download socioeconomic-exclusion-1990-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Share, adapt and use commercially with credit — and anything you publish that adapts it must carry the same licence.

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1990). Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1990 [data set], describing 1990. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/socioeconomic-exclusion/1990

0534 held

Other years

‹ The year before
This is the first year held here.
The year after ›
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1991
171 countries
All of them
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group: every year
34 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

06Questions