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Data for 2021

Research and Development Spending, 2021

Figures for 2021, as UIS published them · stored as published, never rewritten

Research and Development Spending, 2021 covers 88 countries. Israel is highest, at 5.7573; Iraq is lowest, at 0.0407. The middle country reads 0.7739. Against 2020, 78 values changed (24 up, 54 down), 10 countries joined, 9 left.

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Research and Development Spending · Data for 2021

HighestIsrael

5.7573

LowestIraq

0.0407

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end. A higher value is the better result.

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Research and Development Spending, 2021, as published. UIS ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Showing 25 of 88 countries · select a heading to sort

Research and Development Spending, 2021: every country, as published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS).
derived
1IsraelISRWestern Asia5.7573
2South KoreaKOREastern Asia4.5967
3United StatesUSANorthern America3.4689
4SwedenSWENorthern Europe3.4157
5BelgiumBELWestern Europe3.4059
6JapanJPNEastern Asia3.2738
7AustriaAUTWestern Europe3.2557
8SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe3.2486
9GermanyDEUWestern Europe3.0786
10FinlandFINNorthern Europe3.0113
11United KingdomGBRNorthern Europe2.8997
12IcelandISLNorthern Europe2.7817
13DenmarkDNKNorthern Europe2.7432
14ChinaCHNEastern Asia2.3817
15NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe2.2154
16FranceFRAWestern Europe2.2128
17SloveniaSVNSouthern Europe2.1385
18SingaporeSGPSouth-eastern Asia1.9376
19CzechiaCZEEastern Europe1.9330
20NorwayNORNorthern Europe1.8876
21CanadaCANNorthern America1.8706
22AustraliaAUSAustralia and New Zealand1.8578
23EstoniaESTNorthern Europe1.7515
24PortugalPRTSouthern Europe1.6671
25HungaryHUNEastern Europe1.6333

02In 2021

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

  1. 1Israel5.7573
  2. 2South Korea4.5967
  3. 3United States3.4689
  4. 4Sweden3.4157
  5. 5Belgium3.4059

Lowest

  1. 88Iraq0.0407
  2. 87Trinidad and Tobago0.0545
  3. 86Guatemala0.0584
  4. 85Bolivia0.0631
  5. 84Kyrgyzstan0.0710

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.7739. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

032020 → 2021

Since 2020

What changed between 2020 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

  • +10 / −9countries joined / left
  • 78values changed, of 78 in both
  • 24 · 54rose · fell
  • 0unchanged

Rose most

Fell most

  • Norway2.2444 → 1.8876−0.3567
  • Singapore2.1598 → 1.9376−0.2222
  • Denmark2.9653 → 2.7432−0.2221
  • Cuba0.5184 → 0.3228−0.1956
  • Russia1.0910 → 0.9660−0.1250
+ Albania+ Australia+ Bolivia+ Switzerland+ Iran+ Mali+ New Zealand+ Pakistan+ Qatar+ Vietnam− Bermuda− Colombia− Indonesia− India− Kuwait− Sri Lanka− Malaysia− Philippines− Tajikistan

Changes in value, not in places: a country’s place also moves when others do. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

The site’s method

  • The position is ours

    UIS publishes values only. The order here sorts the published values, and the page says so wherever it prints one.

  • Which end is better

    A higher value is the better result.

  • Nothing missing

    Every one of the 88 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Share, adapt and use commercially with credit — and anything you publish that adapts it must carry the same licence.

Cite this edition

UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (2021). Research and Development Spending, 2021 [data set], describing 2021. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/rd-spending/2021

0628 held

Other years

07Questions

Research and Development Spending, 2021: questions and answers

Which country has the highest research and development spending in Research and Development Spending, 2021?

Israel, at 5.7573, of the 88 countries in the file.

What year does Research and Development Spending, 2021 describe?

2021.

How many countries does Research and Development Spending, 2021 cover?

88.

Where can I download Research and Development Spending, 2021?

On this page, as a CSV file holding every value exactly as published, or from the publisher’s own site, linked below.

Is Research and Development Spending, 2021 the newest?

No. The newest held here is Research and Development Spending, 2023.

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