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Photo: Ludovic Hirlimann [ dead link ] · CC BY-SA 2.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Mongolia
Mongolia places highest on Food Production Index (top 2% worldwide) and lowest on External Debt Stocks (% of GNI) (bottom 1%).
Mongolia in the Nations Inquiry Country Index
At a glance
Population
3,431,932
people
since 1950
Land area
1,558,501
km²
since 1961
GDP per person
17,773
international $, PPP
since 1990
Life expectancy
71.73
years at birth
since 1950
Human development
0.747
HDI, 0–1
since 1990
Unemployment
5.233
% of the labour force
since 1991
The newest published figure for each, the year it describes and who published it, with a line showing how it has moved.
01The country
About Mongolia
Key facts about Mongolia
- Capital
- Ulaanbaatar
- Official language
- Mongolian
- Currency
- Mongolian tögrög (MNT)
- ISO code
- MNG · MN
- Domain · dialling
- .mn · +976
As Wikidata records them. Official languages are the least consistent — some countries list only a national language, others every regional one. Sources and licences.
02Country Index 2026
Where it stands, topic by topic
Strongest first. Each position is Mongolia’s place among the countries with a standing on that topic, built from a few key statistics chosen to measure different things.
28thof 183
From 4 of 4 key statistics
joint34thof 192
From 3 of 3 key statistics
31stof 159
From 2 of 2 key statistics
74thof 200
From 4 of 4 key statistics
75thof 196
From 3 of 3 key statistics
70thof 176
From 4 of 4 key statistics
joint74thof 171
From 4 of 4 key statistics
78thof 177
From 4 of 4 key statistics
88thof 194
From 4 of 4 key statistics
90thof 198
From 3 of 3 key statistics
joint93rdof 198
From 3 of 3 key statistics
138thof 175
From 4 of 4 key statistics
148thof 182
From 4 of 4 key statistics
159thof 181
From 3 of 3 key statistics
171stof 193
From 3 of 3 key statistics
No standing — Mongolia holds too few of this subject’s key statistics to be placed on it.
Each standing is built from a few key statistics chosen to measure different things. Select a subject for Mongolia’s readings on it, or see every statistic held for Mongolia in the table further down this page.
03Highs and lows
Where Mongolia stands out
The two ends of its own record: every statistic on which Mongolia sits within ten places of the best or worst in the world, plus its strongest and weakest readings overall. Each is turned into a percentile — its place among every country measured — which is what lets a hunger score and a press-freedom rank be compared at all.
Where Mongolia does best7
In the top third of all countries measured. 7 are within ten places of the best in the world, in a field of at least 50 countries — marked with that place.
- 1stDeaths in Organized Violencetop 35%
Position · derived 59th of 59 · 1 = worst · 0 · 2025
world median 0
- 1st
Position · derived 104th of 104 · 1 = worst · 2.5 · 2023
world median 5.2 (better) · ▲ 52 pts since 2013
- 4th
Position · derived 124th of 127 · 1 = worst · 0.7 · 2023
world median 4.7 (better) · ▼ 4 pts since 2019
- 4th
Position · derived 87th of 90 · 1 = worst · 44.2 · 2025
world median 75.8 (better)
- 5thFood Production Indextop 2%
Position · derived 5th of 195 · 157.87 · 2022
world median 106.08 (better) · ▲ 95 pts since 2012
- 9th
Position · derived 9th of 194 · 159.36 · 2022
world median 107.06 (better) · ▲ 94 pts since 2012
- 9th
Where Mongolia struggles most5
In the bottom third of all countries measured. 5 are within ten places of the worst in the world, in a field of at least 50 countries — marked with that place.
- 1stOrganic Agricultural Areabottom 2%
Position · derived 150th of 150 · 0 · 2024
world median 0.725 (worse)
- 2ndExternal Debt Stocks (% of GNI)bottom 1%
Position · derived 2nd of 110 · 1 = worst · 181.86 · 2024
world median 43.94 (worse)
- 3rdEcological Footprintbottom 2%
Position · derived 3rd of 126 · 1 = worst · 7.527 · 2025
world median 2.296 (worse) · ▼ 3 pts since 2015
- 7thAdjusted Net Savingsbottom 5%
Position · derived 112th of 118 · -8.082 · 2021
world median 8.389 (worse) · ▼ 43 pts since 2011
- 8thCarbon Intensity of Electricitybottom 4%
Position · derived 8th of 193 · 1 = worst · 817.01 · 2024
world median 468.81 (worse)
A band is a place among the countries each publisher scores, so Mongolia can move because other countries moved. See the Country Index for the full method.
04Over time
Which way it is moving
The published rank in widely quoted reports, edition by edition — each end with the size of that year’s field — and the statistics, not already named above, on which it has gained or lost the most ground.
Human Development Index
UNDP Human Development Report Office
85th
of 141 · 1990
104th
of 193 · 2023
Ranked in 34 of 34 editions
Corruption Perceptions Index
Transparency International
93rd
of 173 · 2012
124th
of 181 · 2025
Ranked in 14 of 14 editions
Gender Inequality Index
UNDP Human Development Report Office
61st
of 125 · 2000
72nd
of 172 · 2023
Ranked in 24 of 34 editions
Global Innovation Index
World Intellectual Property Organization
71st
of 132 · 2022
78th
of 139 · 2025
Ranked in 4 of 4 editions
Economic Complexity Index
Growth Lab at Harvard University
116th
of 140 · 1995
131st
of 145 · 2024
Ranked in 30 of 30 editions
Government AI Readiness Index
Oxford Insights
93rd
of 172 · 2020
94th
of 195 · 2025
Ranked in 6 of 6 editions
Gaining ground
Where Mongolia has climbed against the rest of the world, in percentile points.
Nothing further moved meaningfully in this direction.
Losing ground
Where Mongolia has slipped against the rest of the world, in percentile points.
- Fatal Occupational Injuries-36 pts since 2016
- GovTech Maturity Index-30 pts since 2022
05In context
Mongolia and its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place in the world ranking of 178, not within the region.
Shares a land border with
Placed either side in the Country Index 2026
Across Eastern Asia
Every country in the sub-region, by its position in the world (of 178 placed).
- 14
South Korea - 23
Japan - =51
China - 73Mongolia
- —
Hong Kongnot placed - —
Macaunot placed - —
North Koreanot placed - —
Taiwannot placed
06The evidence
Every statistic we hold for Mongolia
Grouped by topic. Each row gives the newest edition’s rank or position, the published value and the year the numbers describe — select a row for the world median, the best in the world and the trend.
Governance & Institutions28
Agriculture Orientation Index67th of 132position · derived0.3Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size)2024
bottom 48% of 132 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size)
Mongolia 0.3 · world median 0.305 (worse)
Best in the world 5.38 (Singapore)
▲ +40 percentile points since 2014
Central Bank Independence Indextop 40%0.634CBI index (0–1, where 1 is the most statutory independence)2023
top 40% of 191 countries measured
Ana Carolina Garriga, University of Essex · CBI index (0–1, where 1 is the most statutory independence)
Mongolia 0.634 · world median 0.608
Highest 0.974 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
No real change since 2013
Civic Space Ratings85th of 198position · derived59.33Civic space score (0–100)2025
top 43% of 198 countries measured
CIVICUS · Civic space score (0–100)
Mongolia 59.33 · world median 50.46 (better)
Best in the world 100 (Kiribati)
No earlier reading to compare
Climate Readiness (ND-GAIN)96th of 192rank0.39ND-GAIN Readiness (0–1, where 1 is the most ready)2024
top 50% of 192 countries measured
Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · ND-GAIN Readiness (0–1, where 1 is the most ready)
Mongolia 0.39 · world median 0.387 (better)
Best in the world 0.749 (Singapore)
▼ -8 percentile points since 2014
Completeness of Birth Registrationtop 38%99.6Children under 5 whose birth is registered (%)2025
top 38% of 185 countries measured
UNICEF · Children under 5 whose birth is registered (%)
Mongolia 99.6 · world median 98.4 (better)
Best in the world 100 (53 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Control of Corruption131st of 211position · derived-0.449Control of Corruption (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
bottom 38% of 211 countries measured
World Bank Group · Control of Corruption (−2.5 to 2.5)
Mongolia -0.449 · world median -0.197 (worse)
Best in the world 2.259 (Denmark)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2015
Corruption Perceptions Index124th of 181rank31CPI score (0–100, where 100 is very clean)2025
bottom 31% of 182 countries measured · 182 share 181 positions
Transparency International · CPI score (0–100, where 100 is very clean)
Mongolia 31 · world median 39 (worse)
Best in the world 89 (Denmark)
▼ -26 percentile points since 2015
Debt Service on External Debt12th of 109position · derived · 1 = worst32.04Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)2024
bottom 10% of 109 countries measured
World Bank Group · Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
Mongolia 32.04 · world median 12.93 (worse)
Best in the world 0.285 (Iran)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2014
External Debt Stocks (% of GNI)2nd of 110position · derived · 1 = worst181.86External debt stocks (% of GNI)2024
bottom 1% of 110 countries measured
World Bank Group · External debt stocks (% of GNI)
Mongolia 181.86 · world median 43.94 (worse)
Best in the world 2.213 (Iran)
No real change since 2014
General Government Consumption81st of 132position · derived14.62General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)2025
bottom 39% of 132 countries measured
World Bank Group · General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
Mongolia 14.62 · world median 16.21
Highest 38.94 (Ukraine)
No real change since 2015
Government AI Readiness Index94th of 195rank40.86AI readiness score (0–100)2025
top 48% of 195 countries measured
Oxford Insights · AI readiness score (0–100)
Mongolia 40.86 · world median 40.19 (better)
Best in the world 88.36 (United States)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2020
Government Effectiveness128th of 209position · derived-0.206Governance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong)2025
bottom 39% of 209 countries measured
World Bank Group · Governance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong)
Mongolia -0.206 · world median 0.101 (worse)
Best in the world 2.092 (Singapore)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2015
Government Spending on Education64th of 123position · derived3.658Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)2023
bottom 48% of 123 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)
Mongolia 3.658 · world median 3.709 (worse)
Best in the world 16.39 (Kiribati)
▼ -18 percentile points since 2013
GovTech Maturity Index68th of 196position · derived0.776GTMI score (0–1)2025
top 34% of 196 countries measured
World Bank Group · GTMI score (0–1)
Mongolia 0.776 · world median 0.63 (better)
Best in the world 0.997 (South Korea)
▼ -30 percentile points since 2022
Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index79th of 175position · derived0.718Judicial constraints on the executive index (0–1)2025
top 45% of 176 countries measured · 176 share 175 positions
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Judicial constraints on the executive index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.718 · world median 0.676 (better)
Best in the world 0.988 (Australia)
▼ -9 percentile points since 2015
Liberal Democracy Index75th of 176position · derived0.424Liberal democracy index (0–1)2025
top 42% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Liberal democracy index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.424 · world median 0.353 (better)
Best in the world 0.884 (Denmark)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2015
Open Data Inventory9th of 168rank83ODIN overall score (0–100)2024
top 6% of 168 countries measured
Open Data Watch · ODIN overall score (0–100)
Mongolia 83 · world median 59 (better)
Best in the world 90 (2 countries tied)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2015
Political Corruption Index57th of 176position · derived · 1 = worst0.693Political corruption index (0–1; higher = more corrupt)2025
bottom 32% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Political corruption index (0–1; higher = more corrupt)
Mongolia 0.693 · world median 0.518 (worse)
Best in the world 0.004 (Denmark)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2015
Public Sector Employment27th of 135position · derived27.09Public sector employment (% of total employment)2022
top 19% of 135 countries measured
World Bank Group · Public sector employment (% of total employment)
Mongolia 27.09 · world median 15.01
Highest 47.1 (Maldives)
No earlier reading to compare
Regulatory Quality99th of 209position · derived-0.049Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
top 47% of 209 countries measured
World Bank Group · Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5)
Mongolia -0.049 · world median -0.093 (better)
Best in the world 2.113 (Singapore)
▲ +13 percentile points since 2015
Rule of Law107th of 211position · derived-0.116Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
bottom 50% of 211 countries measured
World Bank Group · Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Mongolia -0.116 · world median -0.102 (worse)
Best in the world 2.012 (Finland)
No real change since 2015
Statistical Performance Indicators47th of 188position · derived83.73SPI overall score (0–100)2024
top 25% of 188 countries measured
World Bank Group · SPI overall score (0–100)
Mongolia 83.73 · world median 69.3 (better)
Best in the world 94.14 (Norway)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2016
Trade Union Density20th of 139position · derived30.79Employees who are trade union members (%)2020
top 14% of 139 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employees who are trade union members (%)
Mongolia 30.79 · world median 16.68 (better)
Best in the world 91.42 (Iceland)
No earlier reading to compare
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index82nd of 176position · derived0.535Electoral democracy index (0–1)2025
top 46% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Electoral democracy index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.535 · world median 0.497 (better)
Best in the world 0.913 (Denmark)
▼ -13 percentile points since 2015
Voice and Accountability87th of 206position · derived0.235Voice and Accountability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
top 42% of 206 countries measured
World Bank Group · Voice and Accountability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Mongolia 0.235 · world median -0.022 (better)
Best in the world 1.825 (Norway)
No real change since 2015
Women, Business and the Law45th of 190position · derived90.63WBL Index (0–100, where 100 is full legal parity)2024
top 24% of 190 countries measured
World Bank Group · WBL Index (0–100, where 100 is full legal parity)
Mongolia 90.63 · world median 81.25 (better)
Best in the world 100 (14 countries tied)
▲ +12 percentile points since 2014
Economy & Innovation28
Account Ownership at a Financial Institution19th of 139position · derived98.28Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)2024
top 13% of 139 countries measured
World Bank Group · Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)
Mongolia 98.28 · world median 72.83 (better)
Best in the world 99.85 (Iceland)
▲ +6 percentile points since 2014
Adjusted Net Savings112th of 118position · derived-8.082Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)2021
bottom 5% of 118 countries measured
World Bank Group · Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Mongolia -8.082 · world median 8.389 (worse)
Best in the world 32.18 (Bangladesh)
▼ -43 percentile points since 2011
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP)63rd of 158position · derived8.939Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP)2025
top 39% of 158 countries measured
World Bank Group · Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP)
Mongolia 8.939 · world median 6.572
Highest 47.59 (Niger)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2015
Crop Production Index40th of 195position · derived122.9Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
top 20% of 195 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100)
Mongolia 122.9 · world median 106.23 (better)
Best in the world 189.93 (Senegal)
▼ -13 percentile points since 2012
Digitally-Deliverable Services Exports116th of 170position · derived13.9Digitally-deliverable services exports (% of services exports)2024
bottom 32% of 170 countries measured
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) · Digitally-deliverable services exports (% of services exports)
Mongolia 13.9 · world median 25.42 (worse)
Best in the world 87.15 (Ireland)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2014
Economic Complexity Index131st of 145rank-1.568ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)2024
bottom 10% of 145 countries measured
Growth Lab at Harvard University · ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
Mongolia -1.568 · world median 0.131 (worse)
Best in the world 1.729 (Japan)
No real change since 2014
Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)25th of 138position · derived68.07Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)2025
top 18% of 138 countries measured
World Bank Group · Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Mongolia 68.07 · world median 36.34
Highest 199.76 (Hong Kong)
▲ +15 percentile points since 2015
Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit36th of 179position · derived52.3Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)2025
top 20% of 179 countries measured
World Bank Group · Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
Mongolia 52.3 · world median 35.95 (better)
Best in the world 88.52 (Israel)
No earlier reading to compare
Food Production Index5th of 195position · derived157.87Food production index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
top 2% of 195 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Food production index (2014–2016 = 100)
Mongolia 157.87 · world median 106.08 (better)
Best in the world 177.49 (Senegal)
▲ +95 percentile points since 2012
Foreign Direct Investment Inflowstop 8%10.92FDI inflows (% of GDP)2025
top 8% of 202 countries measured
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) · FDI inflows (% of GDP)
Mongolia 10.92 · world median 1.968
Highest 2,221 (British Virgin Islands)
▲ +68 percentile points since 2015
GDP Growth19th of 186position · derived6.844GDP growth (annual %)2025
top 10% of 186 countries measured
World Bank Group · GDP growth (annual %)
Mongolia 6.844 · world median 3.396 (better)
Best in the world 19.34 (Guyana)
▲ +48 percentile points since 2015
GDP per Capita (PPP)91st of 185position · derived17,773GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)2025
top 49% of 185 countries measured
World Bank Group · GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
Mongolia 17,773 · world median 17,265 (better)
Best in the world 139,593 (Singapore)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2015
Global Innovation Index78th of 139rank26.69GII score (0–100)2025
bottom 44% of 139 countries measured
World Intellectual Property Organization · GII score (0–100)
Mongolia 26.69 · world median 28.52 (worse)
Best in the world 65.96 (Switzerland)
▼ -2 percentile points since 2022
GNI per Capita (PPP)40th of 102position · derived17,969GNI per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)2025
top 39% of 102 countries measured
World Bank Group · GNI per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
Mongolia 17,969 · world median 14,273 (better)
Best in the world 116,633 (Singapore)
▲ +24 percentile points since 2015
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)18th of 131position · derived31.41Gross capital formation (% of GDP)2025
top 13% of 131 countries measured
World Bank Group · Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
Mongolia 31.41 · world median 22.93
Highest 45.27 (Algeria)
▲ +32 percentile points since 2015
Gross Savings (% of GDP)53rd of 146position · derived25.64Gross savings (% of GDP)2024
top 36% of 146 countries measured
World Bank Group · Gross savings (% of GDP)
Mongolia 25.64 · world median 22.06
Highest 47.82 (Macau)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2014
Household Consumption105th of 131position · derived51.48Household and NPISH final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)2025
bottom 20% of 131 countries measured
World Bank Group · Household and NPISH final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
Mongolia 51.48 · world median 62.04
Highest 133.34 (Somalia)
▼ -26 percentile points since 2015
ICT Services Exports82nd of 118position · derived3.945ICT services exports (% of services exports)2024
bottom 31% of 118 countries measured
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) · ICT services exports (% of services exports)
Mongolia 3.945 · world median 7.474 (worse)
Best in the world 56.25 (Ireland)
▲ +14 percentile points since 2014
Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)34th of 138position · derived62.64Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)2025
top 24% of 138 countries measured
World Bank Group · Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Mongolia 62.64 · world median 41.72
Highest 196.89 (Hong Kong)
▲ +19 percentile points since 2015
Industry Value Added including Construction (% of GDP)20th of 158position · derived37.25Industry, including construction, value added (% of GDP)2025
top 12% of 158 countries measured
World Bank Group · Industry, including construction, value added (% of GDP)
Mongolia 37.25 · world median 24.65
Highest 75.09 (Guyana)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2015
Livestock Production Index9th of 194position · derived159.36Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
top 4% of 194 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100)
Mongolia 159.36 · world median 107.06 (better)
Best in the world 190.08 (Malawi)
▲ +94 percentile points since 2012
Logistics Performance Index97th of 139rank2.5LPI score (1–5)2023
bottom 24% of 139 countries measured
World Bank Group · LPI score (1–5)
Mongolia 2.5 · world median 2.9 (worse)
Best in the world 4.3 (Singapore)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2014
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)109th of 132position · derived5.875Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)2025
bottom 18% of 132 countries measured
World Bank Group · Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)
Mongolia 5.875 · world median 11.26
Highest 43.97 (Puerto Rico)
▼ -11 percentile points since 2015
Researchers per Million Inhabitants81st of 145position · derived535.37Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent)2024
bottom 44% of 145 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent)
Mongolia 535.37 · world median 701.95 (worse)
Best in the world 18,130 (Liechtenstein)
No earlier reading to compare
Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All Productstop 39%5.35Applied tariff rate, trade-weighted mean (%)2022
top 39% of 143 countries measured
World Bank Group · Applied tariff rate, trade-weighted mean (%)
Mongolia 5.35 · world median 3.66
Highest 29.52 (Bermuda)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2013
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)8th of 180position · derived33.14Natural resources rents (% of GDP)2021
top 4% of 197 countries measured · 197 share 180 positions
World Bank Group · Natural resources rents (% of GDP)
Mongolia 33.14 · world median 1.708
Highest 61.03 (Libya)
No real change since 2011
Trade (% of GDP)27th of 138position · derived130.71Exports plus imports (% of GDP)2025
top 19% of 138 countries measured
World Bank Group · Exports plus imports (% of GDP)
Mongolia 130.71 · world median 79.68
Highest 396.65 (Hong Kong)
▲ +20 percentile points since 2015
World Energy Trilemma Index76th of 99rank52.7Trilemma score (0–100)2023
bottom 22% of 126 countries measured · 126 share 99 positions
World Energy Council · Trilemma score (0–100)
Mongolia 52.7 · world median 63.8 (worse)
Best in the world 83.2 (Denmark)
No earlier reading to compare
Work & Labour20
Average Weekly Hours Worked11th of 182position · derived46.54Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person2025
top 6% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person
Mongolia 46.54 · world median 38.89
Highest 54.7 (Bhutan)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2015
Employment in Agriculture66th of 182position · derived27Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)2025
top 36% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)
Mongolia 27 · world median 14.38
Highest 85.34 (Burundi)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2015
Employment in Industry54th of 182position · derived23.09Employment in industry (% of total employment)2025
top 29% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employment in industry (% of total employment)
Mongolia 23.09 · world median 18.88
Highest 39.44 (Oman)
▲ +21 percentile points since 2015
Employment in Services127th of 182position · derived49.91Employment in services (% of total employment)2025
bottom 30% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employment in services (% of total employment)
Mongolia 49.91 · world median 59.51
Highest 92.17 (Djibouti)
No real change since 2015
Employment-to-Population Ratio102nd of 182position · derived56.56Employed share of the population aged 15+ (%)2025
bottom 44% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employed share of the population aged 15+ (%)
Mongolia 56.56 · world median 57.72 (worse)
Best in the world 86.9 (Qatar)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2015
Fatal Occupational Injuriesbottom 12%4.4Fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers2023
bottom 12% of 52 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers
Mongolia 4.4 · world median 2.005 (worse)
Best in the world 0.12 (Belgium)
▼ -36 percentile points since 2016
Female Labour Force Participation Rate109th of 182position · derived51.46Women aged 15+ in the labour force (%)2025
bottom 40% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Women aged 15+ in the labour force (%)
Mongolia 51.46 · world median 53.36 (worse)
Best in the world 82.91 (Madagascar)
▼ -11 percentile points since 2015
Female Share of Senior and Middle Management23rd of 86position · derived40.5Women in senior and middle management (% of managers)2024
top 26% of 86 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Women in senior and middle management (% of managers)
Mongolia 40.5 · world median 35.86 (better)
Best in the world 56.69 (Nauru)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2014
Firms with a Female Top Manager36th of 179position · derived26.96Firms with a female top manager (%)2025
top 20% of 179 countries measured
World Bank Group · Firms with a female top manager (%)
Mongolia 26.96 · world median 19.16 (better)
Best in the world 62.9 (Kiribati)
No earlier reading to compare
GDP per Person Employed87th of 168position · derived45,908GDP per person employed (constant 2021 international $)2025
bottom 49% of 168 countries measured
World Bank Group · GDP per person employed (constant 2021 international $)
Mongolia 45,908 · world median 47,384 (worse)
Best in the world 262,554 (Luxembourg)
▲ +2 percentile points since 2015
Informal Employment Rate49th of 97position · derived · 1 = worst36.83Informal employment (% of total employment)2025
top 50% of 97 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Informal employment (% of total employment)
Mongolia 36.83 · world median 36.83
Best in the world 0.857 (Hungary)
No earlier reading to compare
Labour Force Participation Rate104th of 182position · derived59.69Population aged 15+ in the labour force (%)2025
bottom 43% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Population aged 15+ in the labour force (%)
Mongolia 59.69 · world median 61.66 (worse)
Best in the world 87.01 (Qatar)
No real change since 2015
Labour Productivity per Hour Worked98th of 182position · derived19.01Output per hour worked (constant 2021 international $ at PPP)2025
bottom 46% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Output per hour worked (constant 2021 international $ at PPP)
Mongolia 19.01 · world median 22.16 (worse)
Best in the world 164.65 (Ireland)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2015
Self-Employment Rate74th of 182position · derived41.18Self-employed (% of total employment)2025
top 40% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Self-employed (% of total employment)
Mongolia 41.18 · world median 31.84
Highest 91.56 (Chad)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Unemployment Rate88th of 182position · derived · 1 = worst5.233Unemployment (% of labour force)2025
bottom 48% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Unemployment (% of labour force)
Mongolia 5.233 · world median 5.084 (worse)
Best in the world 0.13 (Qatar)
▼ -15 percentile points since 2015
Vulnerable Employment68th of 182position · derived · 1 = worst38.37Vulnerable employment (% of total employment)2025
bottom 37% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Vulnerable employment (% of total employment)
Mongolia 38.37 · world median 28.67 (worse)
Best in the world 0.456 (Qatar)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2015
Working Poverty Ratetop 15%0.1Employed people living in extreme poverty (%)2025
top 15% of 113 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employed people living in extreme poverty (%)
Mongolia 0.1 · world median 4.885 (better)
Best in the world 0.007 (Bhutan)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2015
Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training74th of 97position · derived · 1 = worst9.903Youth not in education, employment or training (%)2024
top 24% of 97 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Youth not in education, employment or training (%)
Mongolia 9.903 · world median 14.31 (better)
Best in the world 3.975 (Iceland)
▲ +26 percentile points since 2014
Youth Unemployment Rate96th of 182position · derived · 1 = worst11.71Unemployment, ages 15-24 (% of youth labour force)2025
top 48% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Unemployment, ages 15-24 (% of youth labour force)
Mongolia 11.71 · world median 12.83 (better)
Best in the world 0.457 (Niger)
▼ -2 percentile points since 2015
Education & Knowledge20
Academic Freedom Index80th of 176position · derived0.671Academic freedom index (0–1)2025
top 45% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Academic freedom index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.671 · world median 0.619 (better)
Best in the world 0.978 (Czechia)
▼ -13 percentile points since 2015
Adult Literacy Rate38th of 172position · derived98.64Adults 15+ who can read and write (%)2024
top 22% of 172 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Adults 15+ who can read and write (%)
Mongolia 98.64 · world median 93.99 (better)
Best in the world 100 (3 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Expected Years of Schooling95th of 195position · derived13.64Expected years of schooling2023
top 48% of 195 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · Expected years of schooling
Mongolia 13.64 · world median 13.34 (better)
Best in the world 21.69 (Monaco)
▼ -17 percentile points since 2013
Female Share of Researcherstop 3%57.41Researchers who are women (% of headcount; 50 = parity)2024
top 3% of 153 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Researchers who are women (% of headcount; 50 = parity)
Mongolia 57.41 · world median 38.17
Highest 76.54 (Myanmar)
No earlier reading to compare
Harmonized Test Scores68th of 172position · derived434.62Harmonized test score (TIMSS-equivalent points; 300 = minimum, 625 = advanced attainment)2020
top 39% of 172 countries measured
World Bank Group · Harmonized test score (TIMSS-equivalent points; 300 = minimum, 625 = advanced attainment)
Mongolia 434.62 · world median 414.32 (better)
Best in the world 575.27 (Singapore)
▲ +4 percentile points since 2017
Inbound Mobility Rate, Tertiary47th of 75position · derived3.033Inbound mobility rate, tertiary (%)2024
bottom 39% of 76 countries measured · 76 share 75 positions
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Inbound mobility rate, tertiary (%)
Mongolia 3.033 · world median 5.494 (worse)
Best in the world 87.12 (San Marino)
▲ +15 percentile points since 2014
Learning Poverty60th of 125position · derived · 1 = worst39.4610-year-olds who cannot read and understand a simple text (%)2023
bottom 48% of 125 countries measured
World Bank Group and UNESCO Institute for Statistics · 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a simple text (%)
Mongolia 39.46 · world median 34.02 (worse)
Best in the world 2.331 (Ireland)
No earlier reading to compare
Learning-Adjusted Years of School53rd of 172position · derived9.153Learning-adjusted years of school (0–14)2020
top 30% of 172 countries measured
World Bank Group · Learning-adjusted years of school (0–14)
Mongolia 9.153 · world median 7.941 (better)
Best in the world 12.81 (Singapore)
▲ +2 percentile points since 2017
Mean Years of Schooling105th of 193position · derived9.42Mean years of schooling (adults 25+)2023
bottom 46% of 193 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · Mean years of schooling (adults 25+)
Mongolia 9.42 · world median 9.933 (worse)
Best in the world 14.3 (Germany)
▼ -20 percentile points since 2013
Out-of-School Rate, Primary37th of 121position · derived · 1 = worst8.564Out-of-school rate, primary age (%)2024
bottom 30% of 121 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Out-of-school rate, primary age (%)
Mongolia 8.564 · world median 3.691 (worse)
Best in the world 0.004 (United Arab Emirates)
▼ -11 percentile points since 2014
Outbound Mobility Ratio, Tertiarytop 25%11.94Outbound mobility ratio, tertiary (% of tertiary enrolment at home)2023
top 25% of 117 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Outbound mobility ratio, tertiary (% of tertiary enrolment at home)
Mongolia 11.94 · world median 5.279
Highest 1,724 (Cook Islands)
▲ +25 percentile points since 2013
PISA Mathematics Performance46th of 79position · derived424.59Mean mathematics score2022
bottom 42% of 79 countries measured
OECD · Mean mathematics score
Mongolia 424.59 · world median 442.09 (worse)
Best in the world 574.66 (Singapore)
No earlier reading to compare
PISA Reading Performance64th of 79position · derived378.42Mean reading score2022
bottom 19% of 79 countries measured
OECD · Mean reading score
Mongolia 378.42 · world median 440.35 (worse)
Best in the world 542.55 (Singapore)
No earlier reading to compare
PISA Science Performance52nd of 79position · derived412.38Mean science score2022
bottom 35% of 79 countries measured
OECD · Mean science score
Mongolia 412.38 · world median 446.93 (worse)
Best in the world 561.43 (Singapore)
No earlier reading to compare
Pre-Primary Net Enrolment Rate28th of 120position · derived90.41Net enrolment rate, pre-primary (%)2024
top 23% of 120 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Net enrolment rate, pre-primary (%)
Mongolia 90.41 · world median 65.93 (better)
Best in the world 99.85 (Moldova)
▲ +25 percentile points since 2014
Primary Completion Rate28th of 165position · derived99.71Primary completion rate (%)2025
top 16% of 165 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Primary completion rate (%)
Mongolia 99.71 · world median 97.43 (better)
Best in the world 100 (5 countries tied)
▲ +17 percentile points since 2015
Tertiary Enrolment Ratio32nd of 95position · derived69.04Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary (%)2024
top 33% of 95 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary (%)
Mongolia 69.04 · world median 52.77 (better)
Best in the world 141.86 (Macau)
▼ -9 percentile points since 2014
Upper Secondary Attainment27th of 95position · derived80.47Adults 25+ who completed upper secondary or higher (%)2023
top 28% of 95 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Adults 25+ who completed upper secondary or higher (%)
Mongolia 80.47 · world median 65.76 (better)
Best in the world 97.89 (Belarus)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2014
Upper Secondary Completion Rate30th of 164position · derived90.28Upper secondary completion rate (%)2025
top 18% of 164 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Upper secondary completion rate (%)
Mongolia 90.28 · world median 64.87 (better)
Best in the world 99.27 (South Korea)
▲ +21 percentile points since 2015
Youth Literacy Ratetop 31%99.3215–24 year-olds who can read and write (%)2024
top 31% of 174 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · 15–24 year-olds who can read and write (%)
Mongolia 99.32 · world median 98.22 (better)
Best in the world 100 (6 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Health & Wellbeing17
Dietary Energy Supply72nd of 155position · derived3,027Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)2024
top 46% of 155 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)
Mongolia 3,027 · world median 2,982 (better)
Best in the world 3,962 (United States)
▲ +24 percentile points since 2014
Exclusive Breastfeeding Under Six Months44th of 136position · derived51.1Infants under 6 months exclusively breastfed (%)2024
top 32% of 136 countries measured
UNICEF · Infants under 6 months exclusively breastfed (%)
Mongolia 51.1 · world median 40.74 (better)
Best in the world 83.3 (Burundi)
No earlier reading to compare
Gender Inequality Index72nd of 172rank0.284GII (0 = full equality, 1 = maximum inequality)2023
top 42% of 172 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · GII (0 = full equality, 1 = maximum inequality)
Mongolia 0.284 · world median 0.351 (better)
Best in the world 0.003 (Denmark)
No real change since 2013
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index61st of 109position · derived · 1 = worst0.028MPI (0–1)2025
top 44% of 109 countries measured
Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) · MPI (0–1)
Mongolia 0.028 · world median 0.039 (better)
Best in the world 0 (Serbia)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2018
Global Violent Deaths74th of 206position · derived · 1 = worst7.08Violent deaths per 100,000 people2021
bottom 35% of 209 countries measured · 209 share 206 positions
Small Arms Survey · Violent deaths per 100,000 people
Mongolia 7.08 · world median 4.02 (worse)
Best in the world 0 (4 countries tied)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2011
Human Capital Index59th of 172position · derived0.614HCI score (0–1)2020
top 34% of 172 countries measured
World Bank Group · HCI score (0–1)
Mongolia 0.614 · world median 0.564 (better)
Best in the world 0.879 (Singapore)
No real change since 2017
Human Development Index104th of 193rank0.747HDI score (0–1)2023
bottom 46% of 193 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · HDI score (0–1)
Mongolia 0.747 · world median 0.762 (worse)
Best in the world 0.972 (Iceland)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2013
Infant Mortality Rate108th of 200position · derived · 1 = worst11.23Deaths before age one (per 1,000 live births)2024
top 46% of 200 countries measured
UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) · Deaths before age one (per 1,000 live births)
Mongolia 11.23 · world median 12.26 (better)
Best in the world 1.214 (San Marino)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2014
Life Expectancy at Age 65136th of 222position · derived15.23Further years a 65-year-old would live at current death rates2023
bottom 39% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Further years a 65-year-old would live at current death rates
Mongolia 15.23 · world median 16.39 (worse)
Best in the world 23.21 (Monaco)
▲ +11 percentile points since 2013
Life Expectancy at Birth141st of 222position · derived71.73Years a newborn would live at current death rates2023
bottom 37% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Years a newborn would live at current death rates
Mongolia 71.73 · world median 74.63 (worse)
Best in the world 86.37 (Monaco)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2013
Maternal Mortality Ratio103rd of 195position · derived · 1 = worst40.51Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births2023
top 47% of 195 countries measured
UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG) · Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
Mongolia 40.51 · world median 46.65 (better)
Best in the world 0.11 (Cook Islands)
▲ +4 percentile points since 2013
Pesticide Use per Hectare58th of 178position · derived4.53Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland)2024
top 32% of 181 countries measured · 181 share 178 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland)
Mongolia 4.53 · world median 1.73
Highest 37.72 (Antigua and Barbuda)
▲ +21 percentile points since 2014
Prevalence of Severe Food Insecurity124th of 127position · derived · 1 = worst0.7Population in severe food insecurity (%)2023
top 7% of 133 countries measured · 133 share 127 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Population in severe food insecurity (%)
Mongolia 0.7 · world median 4.7 (better)
Best in the world 0 (7 countries tied)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2019
Prevalence of Undernourishment104th of 104position · derived · 1 = worst2.5Population undernourished (%)2023
top 19% of 165 countries measured · 165 share 104 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Population undernourished (%)
Mongolia 2.5 · world median 5.2 (better)
Best in the world 2.5 (62 countries tied)
▲ +52 percentile points since 2013
Stunting Prevalence in Children Under Five105th of 162position · derived · 1 = worst8.8Children under 5 who are stunted (%)2024
top 35% of 162 countries measured
UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Group (Joint Malnutrition Estimates) · Children under 5 who are stunted (%)
Mongolia 8.8 · world median 13.8 (better)
Best in the world 0.518 (Latvia)
No earlier reading to compare
Under-Five Mortality Rate104th of 200position · derived · 1 = worst13.42Deaths before age five (per 1,000 live births)2024
top 48% of 200 countries measured
UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) · Deaths before age five (per 1,000 live births)
Mongolia 13.42 · world median 14.54 (better)
Best in the world 1.26 (San Marino)
▲ +6 percentile points since 2014
Violent Discipline of Children87th of 90position · derived · 1 = worst44.2Children aged 1-14 experiencing violent discipline (%)2025
top 3% of 90 countries measured
UNICEF · Children aged 1-14 experiencing violent discipline (%)
Mongolia 44.2 · world median 75.8 (better)
Best in the world 37.6 (Qatar)
No earlier reading to compare
Development & Human Capital8
Access to Electricitybottom 38%99.1Population with electricity access (%)2024
bottom 38% of 215 countries measured
World Bank Group · Population with electricity access (%)
Mongolia 99.1 · world median 100 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (122 countries tied)
▲ +8 percentile points since 2014
Cereal Yield149th of 179position · derived1,296Cereal yield (kg per hectare)2023
bottom 17% of 179 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Cereal yield (kg per hectare)
Mongolia 1,296 · world median 3,072 (worse)
Best in the world 29,147 (Oman)
No real change since 2013
Child Marriage105th of 143position · derived · 1 = worst8.1Women 20–24 married before 18 (%)2025
top 28% of 145 countries measured · 145 share 143 positions
UNICEF · Women 20–24 married before 18 (%)
Mongolia 8.1 · world median 17.1 (better)
Best in the world 0 (3 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Coefficient of Human Inequality108th of 169position · derived · 1 = worst13.29Coefficient of Human Inequality (%)2023
top 36% of 169 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · Coefficient of Human Inequality (%)
Mongolia 13.29 · world median 17.05 (better)
Best in the world 4.865 (Slovenia)
No real change since 2013
Gender Development Index89th of 184position · derived1.03Gender Development Index (1.000 = parity)2023
top 48% of 184 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · Gender Development Index (1.000 = parity)
Mongolia 1.03 · world median 0.971 (better)
Best in the world 1 (2 countries tied)
No real change since 2013
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index72nd of 169position · derived0.647IHDI (0–1)2023
top 42% of 169 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · IHDI (0–1)
Mongolia 0.647 · world median 0.609 (better)
Best in the world 0.923 (Iceland)
No real change since 2013
Net Official Development Assistance Received81st of 130position · derived1.438Net ODA received (% of GNI)2023
bottom 38% of 130 countries measured
OECD Development Assistance Committee · Net ODA received (% of GNI)
Mongolia 1.438 · world median 2.579
Highest 101.78 (Tuvalu)
▼ -18 percentile points since 2013
Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI115th of 156position · derived0.577PHDI (0–1)2023
bottom 26% of 156 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · PHDI (0–1)
Mongolia 0.577 · world median 0.678 (worse)
Best in the world 0.827 (United Kingdom)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2013
Environment & Sustainability23
Agricultural Emissions31st of 193position · derived55,038Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq)2023
top 15% of 198 countries measured · 198 share 193 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq)
Mongolia 55,038 · world median 8,635
Highest 1,044,508 (India)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2013
Agricultural Irrigated Land118th of 121position · derived0.047Irrigated share of agricultural land (%)2023
bottom 3% of 121 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Irrigated share of agricultural land (%)
Mongolia 0.047 · world median 3.66
Highest 89.04 (Bangladesh)
No earlier reading to compare
Agricultural Land26th of 209position · derived68.96Agricultural land (% of land area)2023
top 12% of 209 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Agricultural land (% of land area)
Mongolia 68.96 · world median 37.96
Highest 86.48 (Côte d’Ivoire)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2013
Arable Land per Person28th of 206position · derived0.328Arable land (hectares per person)2023
top 13% of 206 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Arable land (hectares per person)
Mongolia 0.328 · world median 0.109
Highest 1.459 (Kazakhstan)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2013
Carbon Intensity of Electricity8th of 193position · derived · 1 = worst817.01Carbon intensity (gCO₂e per kWh generated)2024
bottom 4% of 193 countries measured
Ember · Carbon intensity (gCO₂e per kWh generated)
Mongolia 817.01 · world median 468.81 (worse)
Best in the world 23.49 (Ethiopia)
No real change since 2014
Climate Vulnerability (ND-GAIN)59th of 190rank0.396ND-GAIN Vulnerability (0–1, where 1 is the most vulnerable)2024
top 31% of 190 countries measured
Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · ND-GAIN Vulnerability (0–1, where 1 is the most vulnerable)
Mongolia 0.396 · world median 0.45 (better)
Best in the world 0.263 (Norway)
▲ +4 percentile points since 2014
CO₂ Emissions per Capita16th of 210position · derived · 1 = worst12.86Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)2024
bottom 7% of 210 countries measured
Global Carbon Project · Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)
Mongolia 12.86 · world median 3.21 (worse)
Best in the world 0.054 (DR Congo)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2014
Ecological Footprint3rd of 126position · derived · 1 = worst7.527Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person)2025
bottom 2% of 126 countries measured
Global Footprint Network · Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person)
Mongolia 7.527 · world median 2.296 (worse)
Best in the world 0.514 (Yemen)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2015
Energy Intensity of GDP (PPP)bottom 10%5.918Energy use per dollar of GDP (thousand Btu per US$ at PPP)2024
bottom 10% of 192 countries measured
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) · Energy use per dollar of GDP (thousand Btu per US$ at PPP)
Mongolia 5.918 · world median 2.738 (worse)
Best in the world 0.666 (Chad)
No real change since 2014
Fertilizer Consumption per Hectare123rd of 188position · derived47.43Fertilizer consumption (kg per hectare of arable land)2023
bottom 36% of 191 countries measured · 191 share 188 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Fertilizer consumption (kg per hectare of arable land)
Mongolia 47.43 · world median 87.36
Highest 2,926 (Malaysia)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2013
Forest Area168th of 210position · derived9.092Forest area (% of land area)2023
bottom 21% of 213 countries measured · 213 share 210 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Forest area (% of land area)
Mongolia 9.092 · world median 31.08
Highest 94.45 (Suriname)
No real change since 2013
Internal Displacements by Disaster114th of 160position · derived · 1 = worst890New displacements by disaster (people)2024
top 29% of 160 countries measured
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) · New displacements by disaster (people)
Mongolia 890 · world median 4,750 (better)
Best in the world 1 (Serbia)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Land Under Cereal Production104th of 179position · derived363,061Land under cereal production (hectares)2023
bottom 42% of 180 countries measured · 180 share 179 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Land under cereal production (hectares)
Mongolia 363,061 · world median 689,278
Highest 103,715,108 (India)
▲ +6 percentile points since 2013
Livestock Density169th of 188position · derived0.12Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land2023
bottom 9% of 188 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land
Mongolia 0.12 · world median 0.535
Highest 43.97 (Singapore)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2013
Low-Carbon Share of Electricity Generation154th of 190position · derived8.844Low-carbon sources (% of electricity generated)2024
bottom 20% of 193 countries measured · 193 share 190 positions
Ember · Low-carbon sources (% of electricity generated)
Mongolia 8.844 · world median 35.66 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (7 countries tied)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2014
ND-GAIN Country Index79th of 190rank49.68ND-GAIN Index (0–100, where 100 is best placed to adapt)2024
top 41% of 190 countries measured
Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · ND-GAIN Index (0–100, where 100 is best placed to adapt)
Mongolia 49.68 · world median 47.44 (better)
Best in the world 71.85 (Norway)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2014
Organic Agricultural Area150th of 150position · derived0Organic share of agricultural land (%)2024
bottom 2% of 156 countries measured · 156 share 150 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Organic share of agricultural land (%)
Mongolia 0 · world median 0.725 (worse)
Best in the world 86.38 (Samoa)
No real change since 2018
Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita44th of 181position · derived10,135Renewable internal freshwater (cubic metres per person)2022
top 24% of 181 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Renewable internal freshwater (cubic metres per person)
Mongolia 10,135 · world median 2,528 (better)
Best in the world 445,023 (Iceland)
No real change since 2012
Renewable Share of Electricity Generation152nd of 190position · derived8.844Renewables (% of electricity generated)2024
bottom 21% of 193 countries measured · 193 share 190 positions
Ember · Renewables (% of electricity generated)
Mongolia 8.844 · world median 31.14 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (7 countries tied)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2014
Water Stress117th of 177position · derived · 1 = worst4.97Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)2023
top 34% of 177 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)
Mongolia 4.97 · world median 10 (better)
Best in the world 0.03 (Republic of the Congo)
▼ -9 percentile points since 2013
Water Withdrawal by Sector97th of 171position · derived54.26Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total)2022
bottom 44% of 173 countries measured · 173 share 171 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total)
Mongolia 54.26 · world median 62.14
Highest 99.48 (Somalia)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2012
Wind and Solar Share of Electricity Generationtop 45%8.163Wind and solar (% of electricity generated)2024
top 45% of 193 countries measured
Ember · Wind and solar (% of electricity generated)
Mongolia 8.163 · world median 5.769 (better)
Best in the world 69.12 (Denmark)
▼ -22 percentile points since 2014
World Risk Index154th of 193position · derived · 1 = worst1.96WorldRiskIndex score (0–100, where 100 is the most at risk)2025
top 20% of 193 countries measured
Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum · WorldRiskIndex score (0–100, where 100 is the most at risk)
Mongolia 1.96 · world median 4.17 (better)
Best in the world 0.18 (Monaco)
No real change since 2015
Gender & Equality4
Sex Ratio at Birthbottom 35%104.4Male births per 100 female births2023
bottom 35% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Male births per 100 female births
Mongolia 104.4 · world median 105.1
Highest 116.3 (Liechtenstein)
▲ +6 percentile points since 2013
Social Institutions and Gender Index119th of 140position · derived · 1 = worst13.1SIGI score (0 = no discrimination, 100 = absolute)2023
top 15% of 140 countries measured
OECD · SIGI score (0 = no discrimination, 100 = absolute)
Mongolia 13.1 · world median 25.2 (better)
Best in the world 6.7 (Norway)
No earlier reading to compare
Women's Political Empowerment Index75th of 176position · derived0.806Women's political empowerment index (0–1)2025
top 42% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Women's political empowerment index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.806 · world median 0.772 (better)
Best in the world 0.954 (Denmark)
▼ -19 percentile points since 2015
Democracy & Civil Liberties8
Deliberative Democracy Index66th of 176position · derived0.448Deliberative democracy index (0–1)2025
top 37% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Deliberative democracy index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.448 · world median 0.339 (better)
Best in the world 0.867 (Denmark)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2015
Egalitarian Democracy Index75th of 176position · derived0.382Egalitarian democracy index (0–1)2025
top 42% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Egalitarian democracy index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.382 · world median 0.321 (better)
Best in the world 0.876 (Denmark)
▼ -12 percentile points since 2015
Freedom of Expression and Alternative Sources of Information Index69th of 176position · derived0.771Freedom of expression index (0–1)2025
top 39% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Freedom of expression index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.771 · world median 0.693 (better)
Best in the world 0.98 (Denmark)
▼ -15 percentile points since 2015
Government Censorship of the Media49th of 176position · derived1.316Original latent estimate (≈ −3 to +3.5); higher = less censorship2025
top 27% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Original latent estimate (≈ −3 to +3.5); higher = less censorship
Mongolia 1.316 · world median 0.565 (better)
Best in the world 3.489 (Belgium)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2015
Government Internet Shutdowns58th of 176position · derived1.493Original latent estimate (≈ −4 to +2); higher = fewer shutdowns2025
top 33% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Original latent estimate (≈ −4 to +2); higher = fewer shutdowns
Mongolia 1.493 · world median 1.023 (better)
Best in the world 2.081 (Spain)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2015
Military Dimension Indextop 21%0Military dimension index (0–1; higher = larger military role)2025
top 21% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Military dimension index (0–1; higher = larger military role)
Mongolia 0 · world median 0.1 (better)
Best in the world 0 (76 countries tied)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2015
Participatory Democracy Index92nd of 176position · derived0.281Participatory democracy index (0–1)2025
bottom 48% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Participatory democracy index (0–1)
Mongolia 0.281 · world median 0.298 (worse)
Best in the world 0.785 (Switzerland)
▼ -14 percentile points since 2015
Physical Violence Index71st of 176position · derived0.852Freedom from political killings and torture (0–1)2025
top 40% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Freedom from political killings and torture (0–1)
Mongolia 0.852 · world median 0.79 (better)
Best in the world 0.989 (2 countries tied)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Peace & Security6
Deaths in Organized Violence59th of 59position · derived · 1 = worst0Deaths in organized violence (people)2025
top 35% of 196 countries measured · 196 share 59 positions
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) · Deaths in organized violence (people)
Mongolia 0 · world median 0
Best in the world 0 (138 countries tied)
No real change since 2015
Global Militarisation Index33rd of 149rank · 1 = worst141.29GMI score (higher means a heavier military weight)2023
bottom 22% of 149 countries measured
Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies (BICC) · GMI score (higher means a heavier military weight)
Mongolia 141.29 · world median 100.66 (worse)
Best in the world 3.512 (Haiti)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2013
INFORM Risk Index130th of 191position · derived · 1 = worst2.8INFORM Risk score (0–10, where 10 is the highest risk)2025
top 31% of 191 countries measured
European Commission Joint Research Centre, with the Inter-Agency Standing Committee · INFORM Risk score (0–10, where 10 is the highest risk)
Mongolia 2.8 · world median 3.7 (better)
Best in the world 0.7 (Singapore)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2016
Political Stability and Absence of Violence78th of 211position · derived0.567Political Stability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
top 37% of 211 countries measured
World Bank Group · Political Stability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Mongolia 0.567 · world median 0.171 (better)
Best in the world 1.563 (Andorra)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Political Violence by Non-State Actors120th of 171position · derived · 1 = worst-1.421Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +4); higher = more violence2025
top 30% of 171 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +4); higher = more violence
Mongolia -1.421 · world median -0.661 (better)
Best in the world -3.182 (Luxembourg)
▲ +8 percentile points since 2015
Refugees by Country of Origintop 44%2,403Refugees under UNHCR's mandate from this country, end of year (people)2025
top 44% of 202 countries measured
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency · Refugees under UNHCR's mandate from this country, end of year (people)
Mongolia 2,403 · world median 1,272
Highest 5,224,131 (Ukraine)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2015
Risk & Resilience2
Asylum-Seekers by Country of Asylumbottom 15%15Asylum-seekers awaiting a decision, end of year (people)2025
bottom 15% of 177 countries measured
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency · Asylum-seekers awaiting a decision, end of year (people)
Mongolia 15 · world median 1,836
Highest 3,718,945 (United States)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2015
Refugee Population by Country of Asylumbottom 11%11Refugees under UNHCR's mandate hosted, end of year (people)2025
bottom 11% of 177 countries measured
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency · Refugees under UNHCR's mandate hosted, end of year (people)
Mongolia 11 · world median 12,269
Highest 2,655,191 (Germany)
No real change since 2015
Mobility & Trade3
Average Time to Clear Exports Through Customs135th of 174position · derived · 1 = worst2.687Average time to clear exports through customs (days)2025
top 23% of 175 countries measured · 175 share 174 positions
World Bank Group · Average time to clear exports through customs (days)
Mongolia 2.687 · world median 4.456 (better)
Best in the world 1 (2 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Cereal Import Dependency Ratiobottom 47%39.3Share of the cereal supply that is imported (%)2022
bottom 47% of 161 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Share of the cereal supply that is imported (%)
Mongolia 39.3 · world median 42.8
Highest 100 (16 countries tied)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2012
Net Migration Ratetop 44%0Net migrants per 1,000 population2023
top 44% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Net migrants per 1,000 population
Mongolia 0 · world median -0.133
Highest 39.62 (South Sudan)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2013
Poverty & Inequality1
Poverty Headcount at National Poverty Linestop 37%27.1Population below the national poverty line (%)2025
top 37% of 160 countries measured
World Bank Group · Population below the national poverty line (%)
Mongolia 27.1 · world median 21.8
Highest 82.3 (South Sudan)
No earlier reading to compare
Money & Public Finance1
Short-Term Share of External Debttop 38%6.176Short-term debt (% of total external debt)2024
top 38% of 118 countries measured
World Bank Group · Short-term debt (% of total external debt)
Mongolia 6.176 · world median 9.376 (better)
Best in the world 0 (5 countries tied)
▲ +12 percentile points since 2014
Energy5
Net Electricity Imports (share of generation)top 8%30.84Net electricity imports (% of domestic generation)2024
top 8% of 193 countries measured
Ember · Net electricity imports (% of domestic generation)
Mongolia 30.84 · world median 0
Highest 707.07 (Palestine)
▲ +4 percentile points since 2014
Nuclear Share of Electricity Generationbottom 41%0Nuclear (% of electricity generated)2024
bottom 41% of 183 countries measured
Ember · Nuclear (% of electricity generated)
Mongolia 0 · world median 0
Highest 67.4 (France)
No real change since 2014
Primary Energy Consumption per Capitatop 35%75.43Energy use per person (million Btu)2024
top 35% of 192 countries measured
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) · Energy use per person (million Btu)
Mongolia 75.43 · world median 49.5
Highest 766.07 (Qatar)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2014
RISE Energy Efficiency Policy Scorebottom 35%32.87Energy efficiency policy score (0–100)2023
bottom 35% of 140 countries measured
World Bank Group (ESMAP) · Energy efficiency policy score (0–100)
Mongolia 32.87 · world median 48.23 (worse)
Best in the world 95.93 (South Korea)
▲ +22 percentile points since 2013
RISE Renewable Energy Policy Scorebottom 7%9.778Renewable energy policy score (0–100)2023
bottom 7% of 140 countries measured
World Bank Group (ESMAP) · Renewable energy policy score (0–100)
Mongolia 9.778 · world median 33.26 (worse)
Best in the world 89.52 (Denmark)
No real change since 2013
Digital & Technology2
Mobile Phone Ownership14th of 140position · derived98.12Adults who own a mobile phone (% of population aged 15+)2024
top 9% of 140 countries measured
World Bank Group · Adults who own a mobile phone (% of population aged 15+)
Mongolia 98.12 · world median 91.68 (better)
Best in the world 100 (Libya)
No earlier reading to compare
Smartphone Ownership13th of 140position · derived91.85Adults whose main mobile phone is a smartphone (% of population aged 15+)2024
top 9% of 140 countries measured
World Bank Group · Adults whose main mobile phone is a smartphone (% of population aged 15+)
Mongolia 91.85 · world median 78.78 (better)
Best in the world 97.36 (Sweden)
No earlier reading to compare
People & Population10
Crude Birth Ratetop 37%18.95Births per 1,000 population2023
top 37% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Births per 1,000 population
Mongolia 18.95 · world median 13.79
Highest 46.36 (Central African Republic)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2013
Crude Death Ratebottom 22%5.927Deaths per 1,000 population2023
bottom 22% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Deaths per 1,000 population
Mongolia 5.927 · world median 7.303
Highest 25.58 (Vatican City)
▼ -12 percentile points since 2013
Median Age of the Populationbottom 36%26.75Median age (years)2023
bottom 36% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Median age (years)
Mongolia 26.75 · world median 31.52
Highest 59.63 (Vatican City)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2013
Population Aged 65 and Overbottom 33%4.864Share of the total population aged 65 and over (%)2023
bottom 33% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Share of the total population aged 65 and over (%)
Mongolia 4.864 · world median 8.32
Highest 44.7 (Vatican City)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2013
Population Densitybottom 1%2.204People per square kilometre of land2023
bottom 1% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · People per square kilometre of land
Mongolia 2.204 · world median 96.92
Highest 26,145 (Monaco)
No real change since 2013
Population Growth Ratetop 39%1.302Population growth (% per year)2023
top 39% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Population growth (% per year)
Mongolia 1.302 · world median 0.888
Highest 5.862 (South Sudan)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2013
Population Under Age 15top 27%32.64Share of the total population aged 0–14 (%)2023
top 27% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Share of the total population aged 0–14 (%)
Mongolia 32.64 · world median 22.71
Highest 49.17 (Central African Republic)
▲ +15 percentile points since 2013
Sex Ratio of the Total Populationtop 38%99.57Males per 100 females2023
top 38% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Males per 100 females
Mongolia 99.57 · world median 98.48
Highest 251.08 (Qatar)
▲ +19 percentile points since 2013
Total Dependency Ratiotop 33%60People aged 0–14 and 65+ per 100 people aged 15–642023
top 33% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · People aged 0–14 and 65+ per 100 people aged 15–64
Mongolia 60 · world median 54.73
Highest 105.18 (Central African Republic)
▲ +36 percentile points since 2013
Total Fertility Ratetop 32%2.685Live births per woman2023
top 32% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Live births per woman
Mongolia 2.685 · world median 1.962
Highest 6.132 (Somalia)
▲ +2 percentile points since 2013
Not currently covered
The newest edition of these reports does not include Mongolia. Usually the publisher does not cover it; sometimes it has dropped out of a ranking it used to appear in.
- Births Attended by Skilled Health Staff · last seen 2018
- Business Ready: Operational Efficiency
- Business Ready: Public Services
- Business Ready: Regulatory Framework
- Children with Functional Difficulties
- Container Port Traffic
- Cost of Sending Remittances
- Country Policy and Institutional Assessment · last seen 2019
- Female Genital Mutilation Prevalence
- Gini Index · last seen 2022
- Global Report on Food Crises
- Government Funding per Primary Student · last seen 2017
- ICT Goods Exports · last seen 2023
- Income Share Held by Lowest 20% · last seen 2022
- Income Share Held by Richest 10% · last seen 2022
- INFORM Severity Index
- Liner Shipping Connectivity Index
- Median Daily Income or Consumption per Person · last seen 2022
- Palma Ratio · last seen 2022
- Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day · last seen 2022
- Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.00 a Day · last seen 2022
- Poverty Headcount Ratio at $8.30 a Day · last seen 2022
- Prosperity Gap · last seen 2022
- Public Sector Wage Bill · last seen 2021
- Research and Development Spending · last seen 2022
- School Life Expectancy · last seen 2023
- Secondary School Enrolment · last seen 2023
- Societal Poverty Rate · last seen 2022
07Keep reading
Explore further
08Method
Sources and how to read them
How to read this page
- The scores and ranks belong to their publishers. Nothing is adjusted, rescaled or re-ranked; each is reproduced from the edition named beside it. Where a row says position · derived, the publisher ranks nobody on that measure and the position is ours, made by ordering the published score.
- Each statistic shows its newest edition, which is not always the edition the Country Index uses: the index pins every source to one data year so its average compares like with like.
How a standing is built from percentiles, why Mongolia can move because other countries moved, and why publishers measure between 120 and 215 countries each are set out in full in how a standing is made and what a standing cannot tell you.
Sources
- Statistics: 37 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
- Capital, languages, currency, codes: Wikidata, public domain (CC0).
- Map and land borders: Natural Earth, public domain. Borders are de facto — where administration actually changes — not claimed.
Photographs
The photograph of Mongolia on this page comes from Wikimedia Commons and is shown in greyscale. The photographer and the licence are named beside each one.
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Mongolia: country statistics, rankings and trends. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/mongolia