Photo: Bernard Gagnon derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Madagascar
Madagascar places highest on Female Labour Force Participation Rate (top 1% worldwide) and lowest on Working Poverty Rate (bottom 1%).
Madagascar in the Nations Inquiry Country Index
At a glance
Population
31,195,932
people
since 1950
Land area
581,800
km²
since 1961
GDP per person
1,668
international $, PPP
since 1990
Life expectancy
63.63
years at birth
since 1950
Human development
0.487
HDI, 0–1
since 1999
Unemployment
3.041
% of the labour force
since 1991
The newest published figure for each, the year it describes and who published it, with a line showing how it has moved.
01The country
About Madagascar
Key facts about Madagascar
- Capital
- Antananarivo
- Official languages
- French, Malagasy
- Currency
- ariary (MGA)
- ISO code
- MDG · MG
- Domain · dialling
- .mg · +261
As Wikidata records them. Official languages are the least consistent — some countries list only a national language, others every regional one. Sources and licences.
02Country Index 2026
Where it stands, topic by topic
Strongest first. Each position is Madagascar’s place among the countries with a standing on that topic, built from a few key statistics chosen to measure different things.
34thof 181
From 3 of 3 key statistics
joint99thof 182
From 4 of 4 key statistics
joint100thof 177
From 4 of 4 key statistics
115thof 193
From 3 of 3 key statistics
113thof 183
From 4 of 4 key statistics
138thof 198
From 3 of 3 key statistics
135thof 171
From 4 of 4 key statistics
162ndof 198
From 2 of 3 key statistics
joint131stof 159
From 2 of 2 key statistics
149thof 175
From 4 of 4 key statistics
169thof 194
From 4 of 4 key statistics
135thof 147
From 2 of 3 key statistics
joint182ndof 196
From 3 of 3 key statistics
187thof 200
From 4 of 4 key statistics
185thof 192
From 3 of 3 key statistics
171stof 176
From 4 of 4 key statistics
Each standing is built from a few key statistics chosen to measure different things. Select a subject for Madagascar’s readings on it, or see every statistic held for Madagascar in the table further down this page.
03Highs and lows
Where Madagascar stands out
The two ends of its own record: every statistic on which Madagascar sits within ten places of the best or worst in the world, plus its strongest and weakest readings overall. Each is turned into a percentile — its place among every country measured — which is what lets a hunger score and a press-freedom rank be compared at all.
Where Madagascar does best7
In the top third of all countries measured. 7 are within ten places of the best in the world, in a field of at least 50 countries — marked with that place.
- 1st
Position · derived 1st of 182 · 82.91 · 2025
world median 53.36 (better)
- 1stDeaths in Organized Violencetop 35%
Position · derived 59th of 59 · 1 = worst · 0 · 2025
world median 0
- 2nd
Position · derived 2nd of 182 · 85.5 · 2025
world median 61.66 (better)
- 3rd
Position · derived 3rd of 182 · 82.89 · 2025
world median 57.72 (better)
- 6thEcological Footprinttop 4%
Position · derived 121st of 126 · 1 = worst · 0.673 · 2025
world median 2.296 (better) · ▲ 7 pts since 2015
- 10thCO₂ Emissions per Capitatop 4%
Position · derived 201st of 210 · 1 = worst · 0.142 · 2024
world median 3.21 (better)
- 10th
Rank 140th of 149 · 1 = worst · 45.67 · 2023
world median 100.66 (better)
Where Madagascar struggles most20
In the bottom third of all countries measured. 19 are within ten places of the worst in the world, in a field of at least 50 countries — marked with that place.
- 1stInformal Employment Ratebottom 1%
Position · derived 1st of 97 · 1 = worst · 94.44 · 2025
world median 36.83 (worse)
- 1stMobile Phone Ownershipbottom 1%
Position · derived 140th of 140 · 45.83 · 2024
world median 91.68 (worse)
- 2ndDietary Energy Supplybottom 1%
Position · derived 154th of 155 · 1,957 · 2024
world median 2,982 (worse)
- 2ndSmartphone Ownershipbottom 1%
Position · derived 139th of 140 · 8.912 · 2024
world median 78.78 (worse)
- 3rdGDP per Person Employedbottom 1%
Position · derived 166th of 168 · 3,296 · 2025
world median 47,384 (worse)
- 3rdPrevalence of Undernourishmentbottom 1%
Position · derived 3rd of 104 · 1 = worst · 39.5 · 2023
world median 5.2 (worse) · ▼ 5 pts since 2013
- 3rdVulnerable Employmentbottom 1%
Position · derived 3rd of 182 · 1 = worst · 84.42 · 2025
world median 28.67 (worse) · ▼ 2 pts since 2015
- 5th
Position · derived 135th of 139 · 24.45 · 2024
world median 72.83 (worse)
- 5th
Position · derived 5th of 109 · 1 = worst · 0.386 · 2025
world median 0.039 (worse) · ▼ 4 pts since 2018
- 5thLabour Productivity per Hour Workedbottom 2%
Position · derived 178th of 182 · 1.84 · 2025
world median 22.16 (worse)
- 5th
Position · derived 5th of 174 · 1 = worst · 18.37 · 2025
world median 4.456 (worse)
- 6thGNI per Capita (PPP)bottom 5%
Position · derived 97th of 102 · 1,658 · 2025
world median 14,273 (worse)
- 6thLearning Povertybottom 4%
Position · derived 6th of 125 · 1 = worst · 95.24 · 2023
world median 34.02 (worse)
- 7thGDP per Capita (PPP)bottom 3%
Position · derived 179th of 185 · 1,668 · 2025
world median 17,265 (worse)
- 8thBusiness Ready: Operational Efficiencybottom 14%
Position · derived 43rd of 50 · 52.29 · 2024
world median 65.82 (worse)
- 8thBusiness Ready: Public Servicesbottom 14%
Position · derived 43rd of 50 · 31.64 · 2024
world median 50.13 (worse)
- 8th
- 10thBusiness Ready: Regulatory Frameworkbottom 18%
Position · derived 41st of 50 · 57.28 · 2024
world median 66.8 (worse)
- 10th
Position · derived 10th of 162 · 1 = worst · 39.84 · 2024
world median 13.8 (worse)
A band is a place among the countries each publisher scores, so Madagascar can move because other countries moved. See the Country Index for the full method.
04Over time
Which way it is moving
The published rank in widely quoted reports, edition by edition — each end with the size of that year’s field — and the statistics, not already named above, on which it has gained or lost the most ground.
Human Development Index
UNDP Human Development Report Office
126th
of 153 · 1999
183rd
of 193 · 2023
Ranked in 25 of 34 editions
Corruption Perceptions Index
Transparency International
117th
of 173 · 2012
148th
of 181 · 2025
Ranked in 14 of 14 editions
Gender Inequality Index
UNDP Human Development Report Office
149th
of 171 · 2021
156th
of 172 · 2023
Ranked in 3 of 34 editions
Global Innovation Index
World Intellectual Property Organization
106th
of 132 · 2022
120th
of 139 · 2025
Ranked in 4 of 4 editions
Economic Complexity Index
Growth Lab at Harvard University
128th
of 140 · 1995
119th
of 145 · 2024
Ranked in 30 of 30 editions
Government AI Readiness Index
Oxford Insights
155th
of 172 · 2020
168th
of 195 · 2025
Ranked in 6 of 6 editions
Gaining ground
Where Madagascar has climbed against the rest of the world, in percentile points.
- Global Report on Food Crises+50 pts since 2016
- Short-Term Share of External Debt+30 pts since 2014
- Government Spending on Education+27 pts since 2013
Losing ground
Where Madagascar has slipped against the rest of the world, in percentile points.
- RISE Renewable Energy Policy Score-61 pts since 2013
- Livestock Production Index-49 pts since 2012
- Food Production Index-41 pts since 2012
05In context
Madagascar and its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place in the world ranking of 178, not within the region.
Shares a land border with
Madagascar has no land border with another country.
Placed either side in the Country Index 2026
Across Eastern Africa
Every country in the sub-region, by its position in the world (of 178 placed).
- 46
Mauritius - =48
Seychelles - =116
Kenya - 122
Rwanda - 128
Zambia - =129
Uganda - =135
Malawi - =135
Tanzania - 143
Ethiopia - =150
Comoros - 154
Djibouti - 157
Burundi - =159Madagascar
- =163
Mozambique - =163
Zimbabwe - =177
Somalia - =177
South Sudan - —
Eritreanot placed - —Somalilandnot placed
06The evidence
Every statistic we hold for Madagascar
Grouped by topic. Each row gives the newest edition’s rank or position, the published value and the year the numbers describe — select a row for the world median, the best in the world and the trend.
Governance & Institutions33
Agriculture Orientation Index110th of 132position · derived0.12Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size)2024
bottom 16% of 132 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size)
Madagascar 0.12 · world median 0.305 (worse)
Best in the world 5.38 (Singapore)
▼ -13 percentile points since 2014
Business Ready: Operational Efficiency43rd of 50position · derived52.29Operational efficiency score (0–100)2024
bottom 14% of 50 countries measured
World Bank Group · Operational efficiency score (0–100)
Madagascar 52.29 · world median 65.82 (worse)
Best in the world 87.33 (Singapore)
No earlier reading to compare
Business Ready: Public Services43rd of 50position · derived31.64Public services score (0–100)2024
bottom 14% of 50 countries measured
World Bank Group · Public services score (0–100)
Madagascar 31.64 · world median 50.13 (worse)
Best in the world 73.31 (Estonia)
No earlier reading to compare
Business Ready: Regulatory Framework41st of 50position · derived57.28Regulatory framework score (0–100)2024
bottom 18% of 50 countries measured
World Bank Group · Regulatory framework score (0–100)
Madagascar 57.28 · world median 66.8 (worse)
Best in the world 78.34 (Hungary)
No earlier reading to compare
Central Bank Independence Indextop 39%0.636CBI index (0–1, where 1 is the most statutory independence)2023
top 39% of 191 countries measured
Ana Carolina Garriga, University of Essex · CBI index (0–1, where 1 is the most statutory independence)
Madagascar 0.636 · world median 0.608
Highest 0.974 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
▼ -30 percentile points since 2013
Civic Space Ratings127th of 198position · derived34.85Civic space score (0–100)2025
bottom 36% of 198 countries measured
CIVICUS · Civic space score (0–100)
Madagascar 34.85 · world median 50.46 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (Kiribati)
No earlier reading to compare
Climate Readiness (ND-GAIN)174th of 192rank0.25ND-GAIN Readiness (0–1, where 1 is the most ready)2024
bottom 9% of 192 countries measured
Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · ND-GAIN Readiness (0–1, where 1 is the most ready)
Madagascar 0.25 · world median 0.387 (worse)
Best in the world 0.749 (Singapore)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2014
Completeness of Birth Registrationbottom 18%73.8Children under 5 whose birth is registered (%)2025
bottom 18% of 185 countries measured
UNICEF · Children under 5 whose birth is registered (%)
Madagascar 73.8 · world median 98.4 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (53 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Control of Corruption175th of 211position · derived-1.038Control of Corruption (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
bottom 17% of 211 countries measured
World Bank Group · Control of Corruption (−2.5 to 2.5)
Madagascar -1.038 · world median -0.197 (worse)
Best in the world 2.259 (Denmark)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2015
Corruption Perceptions Index148th of 181rank25CPI score (0–100, where 100 is very clean)2025
bottom 19% of 182 countries measured · 182 share 181 positions
Transparency International · CPI score (0–100, where 100 is very clean)
Madagascar 25 · world median 39 (worse)
Best in the world 89 (Denmark)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Country Policy and Institutional Assessment37th of 78position · derived3.25IDA Resource Allocation Index (1 = low to 6 = high)2025
top 48% of 78 countries measured
World Bank Group · IDA Resource Allocation Index (1 = low to 6 = high)
Madagascar 3.25 · world median 3.246 (better)
Best in the world 4.225 (Rwanda)
▲ +11 percentile points since 2015
Debt Service on External Debt91st of 109position · derived · 1 = worst7.172Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)2024
top 17% of 109 countries measured
World Bank Group · Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
Madagascar 7.172 · world median 12.93 (better)
Best in the world 0.285 (Iran)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2014
External Debt Stocks (% of GNI)65th of 110position · derived · 1 = worst39.21External debt stocks (% of GNI)2024
top 41% of 110 countries measured
World Bank Group · External debt stocks (% of GNI)
Madagascar 39.21 · world median 43.94 (better)
Best in the world 2.213 (Iran)
▼ -11 percentile points since 2014
General Government Consumption82nd of 132position · derived14.61General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)2025
bottom 38% of 132 countries measured
World Bank Group · General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
Madagascar 14.61 · world median 16.21
Highest 38.94 (Ukraine)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2015
Government AI Readiness Index168th of 195rank20.93AI readiness score (0–100)2025
bottom 14% of 195 countries measured
Oxford Insights · AI readiness score (0–100)
Madagascar 20.93 · world median 40.19 (worse)
Best in the world 88.36 (United States)
▲ +4 percentile points since 2020
Government Effectiveness178th of 209position · derived-0.873Governance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong)2025
bottom 15% of 209 countries measured
World Bank Group · Governance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong)
Madagascar -0.873 · world median 0.101 (worse)
Best in the world 2.092 (Singapore)
▲ +4 percentile points since 2015
Government Spending on Education85th of 123position · derived3.048Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)2023
bottom 31% of 123 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)
Madagascar 3.048 · world median 3.709 (worse)
Best in the world 16.39 (Kiribati)
▲ +27 percentile points since 2013
GovTech Maturity Index143rd of 196position · derived0.378GTMI score (0–1)2025
bottom 27% of 196 countries measured
World Bank Group · GTMI score (0–1)
Madagascar 0.378 · world median 0.63 (worse)
Best in the world 0.997 (South Korea)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2022
Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index135th of 175position · derived0.22Judicial constraints on the executive index (0–1)2025
bottom 23% of 176 countries measured · 176 share 175 positions
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Judicial constraints on the executive index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.22 · world median 0.676 (worse)
Best in the world 0.988 (Australia)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Liberal Democracy Index112th of 176position · derived0.187Liberal democracy index (0–1)2025
bottom 37% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Liberal democracy index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.187 · world median 0.353 (worse)
Best in the world 0.884 (Denmark)
No real change since 2015
Open Data Inventory156th of 168rank33ODIN overall score (0–100)2024
bottom 6% of 168 countries measured
Open Data Watch · ODIN overall score (0–100)
Madagascar 33 · world median 59 (worse)
Best in the world 90 (2 countries tied)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2015
Political Corruption Index14th of 176position · derived · 1 = worst0.882Political corruption index (0–1; higher = more corrupt)2025
bottom 7% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Political corruption index (0–1; higher = more corrupt)
Madagascar 0.882 · world median 0.518 (worse)
Best in the world 0.004 (Denmark)
▼ -13 percentile points since 2015
Public Sector Employment131st of 135position · derived2.549Public sector employment (% of total employment)2022
bottom 3% of 135 countries measured
World Bank Group · Public sector employment (% of total employment)
Madagascar 2.549 · world median 15.01
Highest 47.1 (Maldives)
No earlier reading to compare
Public Sector Wage Bill120th of 168position · derived5.617Public sector wage bill (% of GDP)2022
bottom 29% of 168 countries measured
World Bank Group · Public sector wage bill (% of GDP)
Madagascar 5.617 · world median 7.975
Highest 42.65 (Nauru)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2012
Regulatory Quality171st of 209position · derived-0.833Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
bottom 18% of 209 countries measured
World Bank Group · Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5)
Madagascar -0.833 · world median -0.093 (worse)
Best in the world 2.113 (Singapore)
No real change since 2015
Rule of Law164th of 211position · derived-0.946Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
bottom 22% of 211 countries measured
World Bank Group · Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Madagascar -0.946 · world median -0.102 (worse)
Best in the world 2.012 (Finland)
No real change since 2015
Statistical Performance Indicators146th of 188position · derived57.5SPI overall score (0–100)2024
bottom 22% of 188 countries measured
World Bank Group · SPI overall score (0–100)
Madagascar 57.5 · world median 69.3 (worse)
Best in the world 94.14 (Norway)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2016
Trade Union Density120th of 139position · derived7.225Employees who are trade union members (%)2020
bottom 14% of 139 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employees who are trade union members (%)
Madagascar 7.225 · world median 16.68 (worse)
Best in the world 91.42 (Iceland)
No earlier reading to compare
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index109th of 176position · derived0.361Electoral democracy index (0–1)2025
bottom 38% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Electoral democracy index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.361 · world median 0.497 (worse)
Best in the world 0.913 (Denmark)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Voice and Accountability135th of 206position · derived-0.648Voice and Accountability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
bottom 35% of 206 countries measured
World Bank Group · Voice and Accountability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Madagascar -0.648 · world median -0.022 (worse)
Best in the world 1.825 (Norway)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2015
Women, Business and the Law140th of 190position · derived69.38WBL Index (0–100, where 100 is full legal parity)2024
bottom 26% of 190 countries measured
World Bank Group · WBL Index (0–100, where 100 is full legal parity)
Madagascar 69.38 · world median 81.25 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (14 countries tied)
No real change since 2014
Economy & Innovation26
Account Ownership at a Financial Institution135th of 139position · derived24.45Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)2024
bottom 3% of 139 countries measured
World Bank Group · Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)
Madagascar 24.45 · world median 72.83 (worse)
Best in the world 99.85 (Iceland)
No real change since 2014
Adjusted Net Savings106th of 118position · derived-3.26Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)2021
bottom 10% of 118 countries measured
World Bank Group · Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Madagascar -3.26 · world median 8.389 (worse)
Best in the world 32.18 (Bangladesh)
▼ -8 percentile points since 2011
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP)25th of 158position · derived21.7Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP)2025
top 15% of 158 countries measured
World Bank Group · Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP)
Madagascar 21.7 · world median 6.572
Highest 47.59 (Niger)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2015
Crop Production Index81st of 195position · derived108.17Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
top 41% of 195 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100)
Madagascar 108.17 · world median 106.23 (better)
Best in the world 189.93 (Senegal)
▼ -31 percentile points since 2012
Economic Complexity Index119th of 145rank-1.033ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)2024
bottom 18% of 145 countries measured
Growth Lab at Harvard University · ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
Madagascar -1.033 · world median 0.131 (worse)
Best in the world 1.729 (Japan)
▲ +6 percentile points since 2014
Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)108th of 138position · derived21.33Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)2025
bottom 22% of 138 countries measured
World Bank Group · Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Madagascar 21.33 · world median 36.34
Highest 199.76 (Hong Kong)
▼ -16 percentile points since 2015
Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit169th of 179position · derived7.996Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)2025
bottom 6% of 179 countries measured
World Bank Group · Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
Madagascar 7.996 · world median 35.95 (worse)
Best in the world 88.52 (Israel)
No earlier reading to compare
Food Production Index101st of 195position · derived105.91Food production index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
bottom 48% of 195 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Food production index (2014–2016 = 100)
Madagascar 105.91 · world median 106.08 (worse)
Best in the world 177.49 (Senegal)
▼ -41 percentile points since 2012
Foreign Direct Investment Inflowsbottom 41%1.553FDI inflows (% of GDP)2025
bottom 41% of 202 countries measured
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) · FDI inflows (% of GDP)
Madagascar 1.553 · world median 1.968
Highest 2,221 (British Virgin Islands)
▼ -21 percentile points since 2015
GDP Growth104th of 186position · derived3.003GDP growth (annual %)2025
bottom 44% of 186 countries measured
World Bank Group · GDP growth (annual %)
Madagascar 3.003 · world median 3.396 (worse)
Best in the world 19.34 (Guyana)
▼ -9 percentile points since 2015
GDP per Capita (PPP)179th of 185position · derived1,668GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)2025
bottom 3% of 185 countries measured
World Bank Group · GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
Madagascar 1,668 · world median 17,265 (worse)
Best in the world 139,593 (Singapore)
No real change since 2015
Global Innovation Index120th of 139rank17.56GII score (0–100)2025
bottom 14% of 139 countries measured
World Intellectual Property Organization · GII score (0–100)
Madagascar 17.56 · world median 28.52 (worse)
Best in the world 65.96 (Switzerland)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2022
GNI per Capita (PPP)97th of 102position · derived1,658GNI per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)2025
bottom 5% of 102 countries measured
World Bank Group · GNI per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
Madagascar 1,658 · world median 14,273 (worse)
Best in the world 116,633 (Singapore)
No real change since 2015
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)58th of 131position · derived24.15Gross capital formation (% of GDP)2025
top 44% of 131 countries measured
World Bank Group · Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
Madagascar 24.15 · world median 22.93
Highest 45.27 (Algeria)
▲ +44 percentile points since 2015
Gross Savings (% of GDP)101st of 146position · derived17.53Gross savings (% of GDP)2024
bottom 31% of 146 countries measured
World Bank Group · Gross savings (% of GDP)
Madagascar 17.53 · world median 22.06
Highest 47.82 (Macau)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2014
Household Consumption31st of 131position · derived72.81Household and NPISH final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)2025
top 23% of 131 countries measured
World Bank Group · Household and NPISH final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
Madagascar 72.81 · world median 62.04
Highest 133.34 (Somalia)
No real change since 2015
Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)88th of 138position · derived32.91Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)2025
bottom 36% of 138 countries measured
World Bank Group · Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Madagascar 32.91 · world median 41.72
Highest 196.89 (Hong Kong)
▲ +4 percentile points since 2015
Industry Value Added including Construction (% of GDP)88th of 158position · derived23.9Industry, including construction, value added (% of GDP)2025
bottom 45% of 158 countries measured
World Bank Group · Industry, including construction, value added (% of GDP)
Madagascar 23.9 · world median 24.65
Highest 75.09 (Guyana)
▲ +12 percentile points since 2015
Liner Shipping Connectivity Index123rd of 175rank26.84LSCI (index, average Q1 2023 = 100)2026
bottom 28% of 167 countries measured · 167 share 175 positions
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) · LSCI (index, average Q1 2023 = 100)
Madagascar 26.84 · world median 56.21 (worse)
Best in the world 1,319 (China)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2016
Livestock Production Index161st of 194position · derived94.4Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
bottom 17% of 194 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100)
Madagascar 94.4 · world median 107.06 (worse)
Best in the world 190.08 (Malawi)
▼ -49 percentile points since 2012
Logistics Performance Index123rd of 139rank2.3LPI score (1–5)2023
bottom 9% of 139 countries measured
World Bank Group · LPI score (1–5)
Madagascar 2.3 · world median 2.9 (worse)
Best in the world 4.3 (Singapore)
▼ -9 percentile points since 2014
Researchers per Million Inhabitants131st of 145position · derived32.94Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent)2024
bottom 10% of 145 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent)
Madagascar 32.94 · world median 701.95 (worse)
Best in the world 18,130 (Liechtenstein)
No earlier reading to compare
Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All Productstop 25%8.74Applied tariff rate, trade-weighted mean (%)2022
top 25% of 143 countries measured
World Bank Group · Applied tariff rate, trade-weighted mean (%)
Madagascar 8.74 · world median 3.66
Highest 29.52 (Bermuda)
▲ +15 percentile points since 2012
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)64th of 180position · derived5.531Natural resources rents (% of GDP)2021
top 32% of 197 countries measured · 197 share 180 positions
World Bank Group · Natural resources rents (% of GDP)
Madagascar 5.531 · world median 1.708
Highest 61.03 (Libya)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2011
Trade (% of GDP)98th of 138position · derived54.24Exports plus imports (% of GDP)2025
bottom 29% of 138 countries measured
World Bank Group · Exports plus imports (% of GDP)
Madagascar 54.24 · world median 79.68
Highest 396.65 (Hong Kong)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2015
World Energy Trilemma Index92nd of 99rank40.3Trilemma score (0–100)2023
bottom 6% of 126 countries measured · 126 share 99 positions
World Energy Council · Trilemma score (0–100)
Madagascar 40.3 · world median 63.8 (worse)
Best in the world 83.2 (Denmark)
No earlier reading to compare
Work & Labour17
Average Weekly Hours Worked138th of 182position · derived34.76Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person2025
bottom 24% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person
Madagascar 34.76 · world median 38.89
Highest 54.7 (Bhutan)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2015
Employment in Agriculture5th of 182position · derived69.21Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)2025
top 2% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)
Madagascar 69.21 · world median 14.38
Highest 85.34 (Burundi)
No real change since 2015
Employment in Industry162nd of 182position · derived9.903Employment in industry (% of total employment)2025
bottom 11% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employment in industry (% of total employment)
Madagascar 9.903 · world median 18.88
Highest 39.44 (Oman)
No real change since 2015
Employment in Services177th of 182position · derived20.89Employment in services (% of total employment)2025
bottom 3% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employment in services (% of total employment)
Madagascar 20.89 · world median 59.51
Highest 92.17 (Djibouti)
▲ +2 percentile points since 2015
Employment-to-Population Ratio3rd of 182position · derived82.89Employed share of the population aged 15+ (%)2025
top 1% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employed share of the population aged 15+ (%)
Madagascar 82.89 · world median 57.72 (better)
Best in the world 86.9 (Qatar)
No real change since 2015
Female Labour Force Participation Rate1st of 182position · derived82.91Women aged 15+ in the labour force (%)2025
top 1% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Women aged 15+ in the labour force (%)
Madagascar 82.91 · world median 53.36 (better)
Best in the world 82.91 (Madagascar)
No real change since 2015
Firms with a Female Top Manager13th of 179position · derived37.34Firms with a female top manager (%)2025
top 7% of 179 countries measured
World Bank Group · Firms with a female top manager (%)
Madagascar 37.34 · world median 19.16 (better)
Best in the world 62.9 (Kiribati)
No earlier reading to compare
GDP per Person Employed166th of 168position · derived3,296GDP per person employed (constant 2021 international $)2025
bottom 1% of 168 countries measured
World Bank Group · GDP per person employed (constant 2021 international $)
Madagascar 3,296 · world median 47,384 (worse)
Best in the world 262,554 (Luxembourg)
No real change since 2015
Informal Employment Rate1st of 97position · derived · 1 = worst94.44Informal employment (% of total employment)2025
bottom 1% of 97 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Informal employment (% of total employment)
Madagascar 94.44 · world median 36.83 (worse)
Best in the world 0.857 (Hungary)
No earlier reading to compare
Labour Force Participation Rate2nd of 182position · derived85.5Population aged 15+ in the labour force (%)2025
top 1% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Population aged 15+ in the labour force (%)
Madagascar 85.5 · world median 61.66 (better)
Best in the world 87.01 (Qatar)
No real change since 2015
Labour Productivity per Hour Worked178th of 182position · derived1.84Output per hour worked (constant 2021 international $ at PPP)2025
bottom 2% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Output per hour worked (constant 2021 international $ at PPP)
Madagascar 1.84 · world median 22.16 (worse)
Best in the world 164.65 (Ireland)
No real change since 2015
Self-Employment Rate4th of 182position · derived88.32Self-employed (% of total employment)2025
top 2% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Self-employed (% of total employment)
Madagascar 88.32 · world median 31.84
Highest 91.56 (Chad)
No real change since 2015
Unemployment Rate141st of 182position · derived · 1 = worst3.041Unemployment (% of labour force)2025
top 23% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Unemployment (% of labour force)
Madagascar 3.041 · world median 5.084 (better)
Best in the world 0.13 (Qatar)
▼ -17 percentile points since 2015
Vulnerable Employment3rd of 182position · derived · 1 = worst84.42Vulnerable employment (% of total employment)2025
bottom 1% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Vulnerable employment (% of total employment)
Madagascar 84.42 · world median 28.67 (worse)
Best in the world 0.456 (Qatar)
▼ -2 percentile points since 2015
Working Poverty Ratebottom 1%86.02Employed people living in extreme poverty (%)2025
bottom 1% of 113 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Employed people living in extreme poverty (%)
Madagascar 86.02 · world median 4.885 (worse)
Best in the world 0.007 (Bhutan)
No real change since 2015
Youth Unemployment Rate156th of 182position · derived · 1 = worst5.247Unemployment, ages 15-24 (% of youth labour force)2025
top 14% of 182 countries measured
International Labour Organization (ILO) · Unemployment, ages 15-24 (% of youth labour force)
Madagascar 5.247 · world median 12.83 (better)
Best in the world 0.457 (Niger)
▼ -9 percentile points since 2015
Education & Knowledge14
Academic Freedom Index78th of 176position · derived0.684Academic freedom index (0–1)2025
top 44% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Academic freedom index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.684 · world median 0.619 (better)
Best in the world 0.978 (Czechia)
No real change since 2015
Adult Literacy Rate134th of 172position · derived74.69Adults 15+ who can read and write (%)2024
bottom 22% of 172 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Adults 15+ who can read and write (%)
Madagascar 74.69 · world median 93.99 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (3 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Expected Years of Schooling179th of 195position · derived9.063Expected years of schooling2023
bottom 8% of 195 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · Expected years of schooling
Madagascar 9.063 · world median 13.34 (worse)
Best in the world 21.69 (Monaco)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2013
Female Share of Researchersbottom 36%33.04Researchers who are women (% of headcount; 50 = parity)2024
bottom 36% of 153 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Researchers who are women (% of headcount; 50 = parity)
Madagascar 33.04 · world median 38.17
Highest 76.54 (Myanmar)
No earlier reading to compare
Harmonized Test Scores151st of 172position · derived350.77Harmonized test score (TIMSS-equivalent points; 300 = minimum, 625 = advanced attainment)2020
bottom 12% of 172 countries measured
World Bank Group · Harmonized test score (TIMSS-equivalent points; 300 = minimum, 625 = advanced attainment)
Madagascar 350.77 · world median 414.32 (worse)
Best in the world 575.27 (Singapore)
▼ -34 percentile points since 2010
Learning Poverty6th of 125position · derived · 1 = worst95.2410-year-olds who cannot read and understand a simple text (%)2023
bottom 4% of 125 countries measured
World Bank Group and UNESCO Institute for Statistics · 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a simple text (%)
Madagascar 95.24 · world median 34.02 (worse)
Best in the world 2.331 (Ireland)
No earlier reading to compare
Learning-Adjusted Years of School151st of 172position · derived4.713Learning-adjusted years of school (0–14)2020
bottom 12% of 172 countries measured
World Bank Group · Learning-adjusted years of school (0–14)
Madagascar 4.713 · world median 7.941 (worse)
Best in the world 12.81 (Singapore)
No real change since 2010
Mean Years of Schooling174th of 193position · derived4.593Mean years of schooling (adults 25+)2023
bottom 10% of 193 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · Mean years of schooling (adults 25+)
Madagascar 4.593 · world median 9.933 (worse)
Best in the world 14.3 (Germany)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2013
Out-of-School Rate, Primary65th of 121position · derived · 1 = worst3.401Out-of-school rate, primary age (%)2024
top 47% of 121 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Out-of-school rate, primary age (%)
Madagascar 3.401 · world median 3.691 (better)
Best in the world 0.004 (United Arab Emirates)
▼ -11 percentile points since 2014
Outbound Mobility Ratio, Tertiarybottom 30%3.232Outbound mobility ratio, tertiary (% of tertiary enrolment at home)2023
bottom 30% of 117 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Outbound mobility ratio, tertiary (% of tertiary enrolment at home)
Madagascar 3.232 · world median 5.279
Highest 1,724 (Cook Islands)
▼ -16 percentile points since 2013
Pre-Primary Net Enrolment Rate92nd of 120position · derived37.41Net enrolment rate, pre-primary (%)2024
bottom 24% of 120 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Net enrolment rate, pre-primary (%)
Madagascar 37.41 · world median 65.93 (worse)
Best in the world 99.85 (Moldova)
▲ +19 percentile points since 2014
Primary Completion Rate154th of 165position · derived54.01Primary completion rate (%)2025
bottom 7% of 165 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Primary completion rate (%)
Madagascar 54.01 · world median 97.43 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (5 countries tied)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2015
Upper Secondary Completion Rate148th of 164position · derived14.61Upper secondary completion rate (%)2025
bottom 10% of 164 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · Upper secondary completion rate (%)
Madagascar 14.61 · world median 64.87 (worse)
Best in the world 99.27 (South Korea)
No real change since 2015
Youth Literacy Ratebottom 17%82.3815–24 year-olds who can read and write (%)2024
bottom 17% of 174 countries measured
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) · 15–24 year-olds who can read and write (%)
Madagascar 82.38 · world median 98.22 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (6 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Health & Wellbeing20
Children with Functional Difficultiestop 39%14.2Children aged 5-17 with a functional difficulty (%)2024
top 39% of 62 countries measured
UNICEF · Children aged 5-17 with a functional difficulty (%)
Madagascar 14.2 · world median 13
Highest 35.2 (Afghanistan)
No earlier reading to compare
Dietary Energy Supply154th of 155position · derived1,957Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)2024
bottom 1% of 155 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)
Madagascar 1,957 · world median 2,982 (worse)
Best in the world 3,962 (United States)
No real change since 2014
Exclusive Breastfeeding Under Six Months33rd of 136position · derived54.41Infants under 6 months exclusively breastfed (%)2024
top 24% of 136 countries measured
UNICEF · Infants under 6 months exclusively breastfed (%)
Madagascar 54.41 · world median 40.74 (better)
Best in the world 83.3 (Burundi)
No earlier reading to compare
Gender Inequality Index156th of 172rank0.584GII (0 = full equality, 1 = maximum inequality)2023
bottom 9% of 172 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · GII (0 = full equality, 1 = maximum inequality)
Madagascar 0.584 · world median 0.351 (worse)
Best in the world 0.003 (Denmark)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2021
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index5th of 109position · derived · 1 = worst0.386MPI (0–1)2025
bottom 4% of 109 countries measured
Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) · MPI (0–1)
Madagascar 0.386 · world median 0.039 (worse)
Best in the world 0 (Serbia)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2018
Global Report on Food Crises22nd of 44position · derived · 1 = worst22In IPC Phase 3+ (% of analysed population)2024
top 50% of 44 countries measured
Food Security Information Network (FSIN) · In IPC Phase 3+ (% of analysed population)
Madagascar 22 · world median 22
Best in the world 3 (El Salvador)
▲ +50 percentile points since 2016
Global Violent Deaths61st of 206position · derived · 1 = worst9.31Violent deaths per 100,000 people2021
bottom 29% of 209 countries measured · 209 share 206 positions
Small Arms Survey · Violent deaths per 100,000 people
Madagascar 9.31 · world median 4.02 (worse)
Best in the world 0 (4 countries tied)
No real change since 2011
Human Capital Index149th of 172position · derived0.392HCI score (0–1)2020
bottom 13% of 172 countries measured
World Bank Group · HCI score (0–1)
Madagascar 0.392 · world median 0.564 (worse)
Best in the world 0.879 (Singapore)
No real change since 2010
Human Development Index183rd of 193rank0.487HDI score (0–1)2023
bottom 5% of 193 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · HDI score (0–1)
Madagascar 0.487 · world median 0.762 (worse)
Best in the world 0.972 (Iceland)
▼ -6 percentile points since 2013
Infant Mortality Rate22nd of 200position · derived · 1 = worst42.97Deaths before age one (per 1,000 live births)2024
bottom 11% of 200 countries measured
UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) · Deaths before age one (per 1,000 live births)
Madagascar 42.97 · world median 12.26 (worse)
Best in the world 1.214 (San Marino)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2014
INFORM Severity Index51st of 81position · derived · 1 = worst2.7INFORM Severity (1–5, most severe crisis)2025
top 38% of 81 countries measured
ACAPS · INFORM Severity (1–5, most severe crisis)
Madagascar 2.7 · world median 3.1 (better)
Best in the world 1.3 (Trinidad and Tobago)
▼ -17 percentile points since 2020
Life Expectancy at Age 65176th of 222position · derived13.92Further years a 65-year-old would live at current death rates2023
bottom 21% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Further years a 65-year-old would live at current death rates
Madagascar 13.92 · world median 16.39 (worse)
Best in the world 23.21 (Monaco)
▼ -8 percentile points since 2013
Life Expectancy at Birth203rd of 222position · derived63.63Years a newborn would live at current death rates2023
bottom 9% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Years a newborn would live at current death rates
Madagascar 63.63 · world median 74.63 (worse)
Best in the world 86.37 (Monaco)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2013
Maternal Mortality Ratio12th of 195position · derived · 1 = worst445.43Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births2023
bottom 6% of 195 countries measured
UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG) · Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
Madagascar 445.43 · world median 46.65 (worse)
Best in the world 0.11 (Cook Islands)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2013
Pesticide Use per Hectare160th of 178position · derived0.19Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland)2024
bottom 11% of 181 countries measured · 181 share 178 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland)
Madagascar 0.19 · world median 1.73
Highest 37.72 (Antigua and Barbuda)
No real change since 2014
Prevalence of Severe Food Insecurity25th of 127position · derived · 1 = worst17.8Population in severe food insecurity (%)2023
bottom 18% of 133 countries measured · 133 share 127 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Population in severe food insecurity (%)
Madagascar 17.8 · world median 4.7 (worse)
Best in the world 0 (7 countries tied)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2018
Prevalence of Undernourishment3rd of 104position · derived · 1 = worst39.5Population undernourished (%)2023
bottom 1% of 165 countries measured · 165 share 104 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Population undernourished (%)
Madagascar 39.5 · world median 5.2 (worse)
Best in the world 2.5 (62 countries tied)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2013
Stunting Prevalence in Children Under Five10th of 162position · derived · 1 = worst39.84Children under 5 who are stunted (%)2024
bottom 6% of 162 countries measured
UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Group (Joint Malnutrition Estimates) · Children under 5 who are stunted (%)
Madagascar 39.84 · world median 13.8 (worse)
Best in the world 0.518 (Latvia)
No earlier reading to compare
Under-Five Mortality Rate19th of 200position · derived · 1 = worst62.4Deaths before age five (per 1,000 live births)2024
bottom 9% of 200 countries measured
UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) · Deaths before age five (per 1,000 live births)
Madagascar 62.4 · world median 14.54 (worse)
Best in the world 1.26 (San Marino)
▼ -4 percentile points since 2014
Violent Discipline of Children18th of 90position · derived · 1 = worst86Children aged 1-14 experiencing violent discipline (%)2025
bottom 19% of 90 countries measured
UNICEF · Children aged 1-14 experiencing violent discipline (%)
Madagascar 86 · world median 75.8 (worse)
Best in the world 37.6 (Qatar)
No earlier reading to compare
Development & Human Capital8
Access to Electricitybottom 5%42.5Population with electricity access (%)2024
bottom 5% of 215 countries measured
World Bank Group · Population with electricity access (%)
Madagascar 42.5 · world median 100 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (122 countries tied)
No real change since 2014
Cereal Yield106th of 179position · derived2,426Cereal yield (kg per hectare)2023
bottom 41% of 179 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Cereal yield (kg per hectare)
Madagascar 2,426 · world median 3,072 (worse)
Best in the world 29,147 (Oman)
▼ -13 percentile points since 2013
Child Marriage13th of 143position · derived · 1 = worst38.8Women 20–24 married before 18 (%)2025
bottom 8% of 145 countries measured · 145 share 143 positions
UNICEF · Women 20–24 married before 18 (%)
Madagascar 38.8 · world median 17.1 (worse)
Best in the world 0 (3 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Coefficient of Human Inequality28th of 169position · derived · 1 = worst33.93Coefficient of Human Inequality (%)2023
bottom 16% of 169 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · Coefficient of Human Inequality (%)
Madagascar 33.93 · world median 17.05 (worse)
Best in the world 4.865 (Slovenia)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2013
Gender Development Index134th of 184position · derived0.934Gender Development Index (1.000 = parity)2023
bottom 27% of 184 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · Gender Development Index (1.000 = parity)
Madagascar 0.934 · world median 0.971 (worse)
Best in the world 1 (2 countries tied)
▼ -9 percentile points since 2013
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index157th of 169position · derived0.319IHDI (0–1)2023
bottom 7% of 169 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · IHDI (0–1)
Madagascar 0.319 · world median 0.609 (worse)
Best in the world 0.923 (Iceland)
▼ -10 percentile points since 2013
Net Official Development Assistance Received27th of 130position · derived7.995Net ODA received (% of GNI)2023
top 20% of 130 countries measured
OECD Development Assistance Committee · Net ODA received (% of GNI)
Madagascar 7.995 · world median 2.579
Highest 101.78 (Tuvalu)
▲ +18 percentile points since 2013
Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI143rd of 156position · derived0.481PHDI (0–1)2023
bottom 8% of 156 countries measured
UNDP Human Development Report Office · PHDI (0–1)
Madagascar 0.481 · world median 0.678 (worse)
Best in the world 0.827 (United Kingdom)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2013
Environment & Sustainability23
Agricultural Emissions53rd of 193position · derived29,186Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq)2023
top 26% of 198 countries measured · 198 share 193 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq)
Madagascar 29,186 · world median 8,635
Highest 1,044,508 (India)
No real change since 2013
Agricultural Irrigated Land71st of 121position · derived2.176Irrigated share of agricultural land (%)2023
bottom 42% of 121 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Irrigated share of agricultural land (%)
Madagascar 2.176 · world median 3.66
Highest 89.04 (Bangladesh)
No earlier reading to compare
Agricultural Land21st of 209position · derived70.29Agricultural land (% of land area)2023
top 10% of 209 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Agricultural land (% of land area)
Madagascar 70.29 · world median 37.96
Highest 86.48 (Côte d’Ivoire)
No real change since 2013
Arable Land per Person110th of 206position · derived0.096Arable land (hectares per person)2023
bottom 47% of 206 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Arable land (hectares per person)
Madagascar 0.096 · world median 0.109
Highest 1.459 (Kazakhstan)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2013
Carbon Intensity of Electricity102nd of 193position · derived · 1 = worst433.75Carbon intensity (gCO₂e per kWh generated)2024
top 47% of 193 countries measured
Ember · Carbon intensity (gCO₂e per kWh generated)
Madagascar 433.75 · world median 468.81 (better)
Best in the world 23.49 (Ethiopia)
▼ -17 percentile points since 2014
Climate Vulnerability (ND-GAIN)166th of 190rank0.55ND-GAIN Vulnerability (0–1, where 1 is the most vulnerable)2024
bottom 13% of 190 countries measured
Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · ND-GAIN Vulnerability (0–1, where 1 is the most vulnerable)
Madagascar 0.55 · world median 0.45 (worse)
Best in the world 0.263 (Norway)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2014
CO₂ Emissions per Capita201st of 210position · derived · 1 = worst0.142Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)2024
top 4% of 210 countries measured
Global Carbon Project · Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)
Madagascar 0.142 · world median 3.21 (better)
Best in the world 0.054 (DR Congo)
No real change since 2014
Ecological Footprint121st of 126position · derived · 1 = worst0.673Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person)2025
top 4% of 126 countries measured
Global Footprint Network · Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person)
Madagascar 0.673 · world median 2.296 (better)
Best in the world 0.514 (Yemen)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2015
Energy Intensity of GDP (PPP)top 9%1.173Energy use per dollar of GDP (thousand Btu per US$ at PPP)2024
top 9% of 192 countries measured
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) · Energy use per dollar of GDP (thousand Btu per US$ at PPP)
Madagascar 1.173 · world median 2.738 (better)
Best in the world 0.666 (Chad)
No real change since 2014
Fertilizer Consumption per Hectare166th of 188position · derived7.283Fertilizer consumption (kg per hectare of arable land)2023
bottom 13% of 191 countries measured · 191 share 188 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Fertilizer consumption (kg per hectare of arable land)
Madagascar 7.283 · world median 87.36
Highest 2,926 (Malaysia)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2013
Forest Area131st of 210position · derived21.3Forest area (% of land area)2023
bottom 39% of 213 countries measured · 213 share 210 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Forest area (% of land area)
Madagascar 21.3 · world median 31.08
Highest 94.45 (Suriname)
No real change since 2013
Internal Displacements by Disaster39th of 160position · derived · 1 = worst59,000New displacements by disaster (people)2024
bottom 24% of 160 countries measured
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) · New displacements by disaster (people)
Madagascar 59,000 · world median 4,750 (worse)
Best in the world 1 (Serbia)
▼ -37 percentile points since 2014
Land Under Cereal Production52nd of 179position · derived2,222,098Land under cereal production (hectares)2023
top 28% of 180 countries measured · 180 share 179 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Land under cereal production (hectares)
Madagascar 2,222,098 · world median 689,278
Highest 103,715,108 (India)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2013
Livestock Density169th of 188position · derived0.12Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land2023
bottom 9% of 188 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land
Madagascar 0.12 · world median 0.535
Highest 43.97 (Singapore)
No real change since 2013
Low-Carbon Share of Electricity Generation85th of 190position · derived42.39Low-carbon sources (% of electricity generated)2024
top 44% of 193 countries measured · 193 share 190 positions
Ember · Low-carbon sources (% of electricity generated)
Madagascar 42.39 · world median 35.66 (better)
Best in the world 100 (7 countries tied)
▼ -12 percentile points since 2014
ND-GAIN Country Index174th of 190rank34.99ND-GAIN Index (0–100, where 100 is best placed to adapt)2024
bottom 8% of 190 countries measured
Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · ND-GAIN Index (0–100, where 100 is best placed to adapt)
Madagascar 34.99 · world median 47.44 (worse)
Best in the world 71.85 (Norway)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2014
Organic Agricultural Area90th of 150position · derived0.42Organic share of agricultural land (%)2024
bottom 42% of 156 countries measured · 156 share 150 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Organic share of agricultural land (%)
Madagascar 0.42 · world median 0.725 (worse)
Best in the world 86.38 (Samoa)
▲ +20 percentile points since 2014
Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita42nd of 181position · derived11,072Renewable internal freshwater (cubic metres per person)2022
top 23% of 181 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Renewable internal freshwater (cubic metres per person)
Madagascar 11,072 · world median 2,528 (better)
Best in the world 445,023 (Iceland)
No real change since 2012
Renewable Share of Electricity Generation76th of 190position · derived42.39Renewables (% of electricity generated)2024
top 39% of 193 countries measured · 193 share 190 positions
Ember · Renewables (% of electricity generated)
Madagascar 42.39 · world median 31.14 (better)
Best in the world 100 (7 countries tied)
▼ -12 percentile points since 2014
Water Stress59th of 177position · derived · 1 = worst24.99Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)2023
bottom 33% of 177 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)
Madagascar 24.99 · world median 10 (worse)
Best in the world 0.03 (Republic of the Congo)
▼ -3 percentile points since 2013
Water Withdrawal by Sector7th of 171position · derived95.89Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total)2022
top 3% of 173 countries measured · 173 share 171 positions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total)
Madagascar 95.89 · world median 62.14
Highest 99.48 (Somalia)
No real change since 2012
Wind and Solar Share of Electricity Generationbottom 42%4.115Wind and solar (% of electricity generated)2024
bottom 42% of 193 countries measured
Ember · Wind and solar (% of electricity generated)
Madagascar 4.115 · world median 5.769 (worse)
Best in the world 69.12 (Denmark)
▼ -16 percentile points since 2014
World Risk Index19th of 193position · derived · 1 = worst23.68WorldRiskIndex score (0–100, where 100 is the most at risk)2025
bottom 9% of 193 countries measured
Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum · WorldRiskIndex score (0–100, where 100 is the most at risk)
Madagascar 23.68 · world median 4.17 (worse)
Best in the world 0.18 (Monaco)
No real change since 2015
Gender & Equality3
Sex Ratio at Birthbottom 22%103.8Male births per 100 female births2023
bottom 22% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Male births per 100 female births
Madagascar 103.8 · world median 105.1
Highest 116.3 (Liechtenstein)
No real change since 2013
Social Institutions and Gender Index34th of 140position · derived · 1 = worst41SIGI score (0 = no discrimination, 100 = absolute)2023
bottom 24% of 140 countries measured
OECD · SIGI score (0 = no discrimination, 100 = absolute)
Madagascar 41 · world median 25.2 (worse)
Best in the world 6.7 (Norway)
No earlier reading to compare
Women's Political Empowerment Index110th of 176position · derived0.704Women's political empowerment index (0–1)2025
bottom 38% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Women's political empowerment index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.704 · world median 0.772 (worse)
Best in the world 0.954 (Denmark)
▼ -17 percentile points since 2015
Democracy & Civil Liberties8
Deliberative Democracy Index129th of 176position · derived0.177Deliberative democracy index (0–1)2025
bottom 27% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Deliberative democracy index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.177 · world median 0.339 (worse)
Best in the world 0.867 (Denmark)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Egalitarian Democracy Index129th of 176position · derived0.17Egalitarian democracy index (0–1)2025
bottom 27% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Egalitarian democracy index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.17 · world median 0.321 (worse)
Best in the world 0.876 (Denmark)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Freedom of Expression and Alternative Sources of Information Index103rd of 176position · derived0.635Freedom of expression index (0–1)2025
bottom 42% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Freedom of expression index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.635 · world median 0.693 (worse)
Best in the world 0.98 (Denmark)
▼ -12 percentile points since 2015
Government Censorship of the Media87th of 176position · derived0.589Original latent estimate (≈ −3 to +3.5); higher = less censorship2025
top 49% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Original latent estimate (≈ −3 to +3.5); higher = less censorship
Madagascar 0.589 · world median 0.565 (better)
Best in the world 3.489 (Belgium)
▲ +8 percentile points since 2015
Government Internet Shutdowns93rd of 176position · derived0.943Original latent estimate (≈ −4 to +2); higher = fewer shutdowns2025
bottom 47% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Original latent estimate (≈ −4 to +2); higher = fewer shutdowns
Madagascar 0.943 · world median 1.023 (worse)
Best in the world 2.081 (Spain)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2015
Military Dimension Indexbottom 4%0.875Military dimension index (0–1; higher = larger military role)2025
bottom 4% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Military dimension index (0–1; higher = larger military role)
Madagascar 0.875 · world median 0.1 (worse)
Best in the world 0 (76 countries tied)
▼ -7 percentile points since 2015
Participatory Democracy Index110th of 176position · derived0.217Participatory democracy index (0–1)2025
bottom 37% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Participatory democracy index (0–1)
Madagascar 0.217 · world median 0.298 (worse)
Best in the world 0.785 (Switzerland)
▼ -9 percentile points since 2015
Physical Violence Index128th of 176position · derived0.488Freedom from political killings and torture (0–1)2025
bottom 27% of 176 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Freedom from political killings and torture (0–1)
Madagascar 0.488 · world median 0.79 (worse)
Best in the world 0.989 (2 countries tied)
▼ -13 percentile points since 2015
Peace & Security6
Deaths in Organized Violence59th of 59position · derived · 1 = worst0Deaths in organized violence (people)2025
top 35% of 196 countries measured · 196 share 59 positions
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) · Deaths in organized violence (people)
Madagascar 0 · world median 0
Best in the world 0 (138 countries tied)
No real change since 2015
Global Militarisation Index140th of 149rank · 1 = worst45.67GMI score (higher means a heavier military weight)2023
top 6% of 149 countries measured
Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies (BICC) · GMI score (higher means a heavier military weight)
Madagascar 45.67 · world median 100.66 (better)
Best in the world 3.512 (Haiti)
No real change since 2013
INFORM Risk Index30th of 191position · derived · 1 = worst5.8INFORM Risk score (0–10, where 10 is the highest risk)2025
bottom 16% of 191 countries measured
European Commission Joint Research Centre, with the Inter-Agency Standing Committee · INFORM Risk score (0–10, where 10 is the highest risk)
Madagascar 5.8 · world median 3.7 (worse)
Best in the world 0.7 (Singapore)
No real change since 2016
Political Stability and Absence of Violence159th of 211position · derived-0.525Political Stability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)2025
bottom 25% of 211 countries measured
World Bank Group · Political Stability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Madagascar -0.525 · world median 0.171 (worse)
Best in the world 1.563 (Andorra)
▼ -5 percentile points since 2015
Political Violence by Non-State Actors54th of 171position · derived · 1 = worst0.11Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +4); higher = more violence2025
bottom 31% of 171 countries measured
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +4); higher = more violence
Madagascar 0.11 · world median -0.661 (worse)
Best in the world -3.182 (Luxembourg)
▼ -22 percentile points since 2015
Refugees by Country of Originbottom 45%637Refugees under UNHCR's mandate from this country, end of year (people)2025
bottom 45% of 202 countries measured
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency · Refugees under UNHCR's mandate from this country, end of year (people)
Madagascar 637 · world median 1,272
Highest 5,224,131 (Ukraine)
▲ +9 percentile points since 2015
Risk & Resilience2
Asylum-Seekers by Country of Asylumbottom 45%1,279Asylum-seekers awaiting a decision, end of year (people)2025
bottom 45% of 177 countries measured
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency · Asylum-seekers awaiting a decision, end of year (people)
Madagascar 1,279 · world median 1,836
Highest 3,718,945 (United States)
▲ +29 percentile points since 2015
Refugee Population by Country of Asylumbottom 18%87Refugees under UNHCR's mandate hosted, end of year (people)2025
bottom 18% of 177 countries measured
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency · Refugees under UNHCR's mandate hosted, end of year (people)
Madagascar 87 · world median 12,269
Highest 2,655,191 (Germany)
▲ +11 percentile points since 2015
Mobility & Trade4
Average Time to Clear Exports Through Customs5th of 174position · derived · 1 = worst18.37Average time to clear exports through customs (days)2025
bottom 2% of 175 countries measured · 175 share 174 positions
World Bank Group · Average time to clear exports through customs (days)
Madagascar 18.37 · world median 4.456 (worse)
Best in the world 1 (2 countries tied)
No earlier reading to compare
Cereal Import Dependency Ratiobottom 31%19.9Share of the cereal supply that is imported (%)2022
bottom 31% of 161 countries measured
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · Share of the cereal supply that is imported (%)
Madagascar 19.9 · world median 42.8
Highest 100 (16 countries tied)
▲ +2 percentile points since 2012
Cost of Sending Remittances49th of 93position · derived · 1 = worst2.925Average cost of sending $200 home (% of the amount)2023
top 48% of 93 countries measured
World Bank Group · Average cost of sending $200 home (% of the amount)
Madagascar 2.925 · world median 3.225 (better)
Best in the world -49.69 (Malawi)
▲ +26 percentile points since 2016
Net Migration Ratetop 48%-0.048Net migrants per 1,000 population2023
top 48% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Net migrants per 1,000 population
Madagascar -0.048 · world median -0.133
Highest 39.62 (South Sudan)
No real change since 2013
Poverty & Inequality1
Poverty Headcount at National Poverty Linestop 1%75.2Population below the national poverty line (%)2025
top 1% of 160 countries measured
World Bank Group · Population below the national poverty line (%)
Madagascar 75.2 · world median 21.8
Highest 82.3 (South Sudan)
No earlier reading to compare
Money & Public Finance1
Short-Term Share of External Debttop 16%1.527Short-term debt (% of total external debt)2024
top 16% of 118 countries measured
World Bank Group · Short-term debt (% of total external debt)
Madagascar 1.527 · world median 9.376 (better)
Best in the world 0 (5 countries tied)
▲ +30 percentile points since 2014
Energy5
Net Electricity Imports (share of generation)bottom 44%0Net electricity imports (% of domestic generation)2024
bottom 44% of 193 countries measured
Ember · Net electricity imports (% of domestic generation)
Madagascar 0 · world median 0
Highest 707.07 (Palestine)
No real change since 2014
Nuclear Share of Electricity Generationbottom 41%0Nuclear (% of electricity generated)2024
bottom 41% of 183 countries measured
Ember · Nuclear (% of electricity generated)
Madagascar 0 · world median 0
Highest 67.4 (France)
No real change since 2014
Primary Energy Consumption per Capitabottom 4%1.752Energy use per person (million Btu)2024
bottom 4% of 192 countries measured
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) · Energy use per person (million Btu)
Madagascar 1.752 · world median 49.5
Highest 766.07 (Qatar)
No real change since 2014
RISE Energy Efficiency Policy Scorebottom 4%5.272Energy efficiency policy score (0–100)2023
bottom 4% of 140 countries measured
World Bank Group (ESMAP) · Energy efficiency policy score (0–100)
Madagascar 5.272 · world median 48.23 (worse)
Best in the world 95.93 (South Korea)
No real change since 2013
RISE Renewable Energy Policy Scorebottom 6%9.468Renewable energy policy score (0–100)2023
bottom 6% of 140 countries measured
World Bank Group (ESMAP) · Renewable energy policy score (0–100)
Madagascar 9.468 · world median 33.26 (worse)
Best in the world 89.52 (Denmark)
▼ -61 percentile points since 2013
Digital & Technology2
Mobile Phone Ownership140th of 140position · derived45.83Adults who own a mobile phone (% of population aged 15+)2024
bottom 1% of 140 countries measured
World Bank Group · Adults who own a mobile phone (% of population aged 15+)
Madagascar 45.83 · world median 91.68 (worse)
Best in the world 100 (Libya)
No earlier reading to compare
Smartphone Ownership139th of 140position · derived8.912Adults whose main mobile phone is a smartphone (% of population aged 15+)2024
bottom 1% of 140 countries measured
World Bank Group · Adults whose main mobile phone is a smartphone (% of population aged 15+)
Madagascar 8.912 · world median 78.78 (worse)
Best in the world 97.36 (Sweden)
No earlier reading to compare
People & Population10
Crude Birth Ratetop 10%32.09Births per 1,000 population2023
top 10% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Births per 1,000 population
Madagascar 32.09 · world median 13.79
Highest 46.36 (Central African Republic)
▲ +6 percentile points since 2013
Crude Death Ratetop 47%7.528Deaths per 1,000 population2023
top 47% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Deaths per 1,000 population
Madagascar 7.528 · world median 7.303
Highest 25.58 (Vatican City)
No real change since 2013
Median Age of the Populationbottom 14%18.88Median age (years)2023
bottom 14% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Median age (years)
Madagascar 18.88 · world median 31.52
Highest 59.63 (Vatican City)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2013
Population Aged 65 and Overbottom 17%3.335Share of the total population aged 65 and over (%)2023
bottom 17% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Share of the total population aged 65 and over (%)
Madagascar 3.335 · world median 8.32
Highest 44.7 (Vatican City)
▲ +7 percentile points since 2013
Population Densitybottom 30%53.62People per square kilometre of land2023
bottom 30% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · People per square kilometre of land
Madagascar 53.62 · world median 96.92
Highest 26,145 (Monaco)
▲ +3 percentile points since 2013
Population Growth Ratetop 11%2.452Population growth (% per year)2023
top 11% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Population growth (% per year)
Madagascar 2.452 · world median 0.888
Highest 5.862 (South Sudan)
▲ +5 percentile points since 2013
Population Under Age 15top 13%39.57Share of the total population aged 0–14 (%)2023
top 13% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Share of the total population aged 0–14 (%)
Madagascar 39.57 · world median 22.71
Highest 49.17 (Central African Republic)
No real change since 2013
Sex Ratio of the Total Populationtop 30%100.63Males per 100 females2023
top 30% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Males per 100 females
Madagascar 100.63 · world median 98.48
Highest 251.08 (Qatar)
No real change since 2013
Total Dependency Ratiotop 14%75.15People aged 0–14 and 65+ per 100 people aged 15–642023
top 14% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · People aged 0–14 and 65+ per 100 people aged 15–64
Madagascar 75.15 · world median 54.73
Highest 105.18 (Central African Republic)
No real change since 2013
Total Fertility Ratetop 12%3.972Live births per woman2023
top 12% of 222 countries measured
UN DESA Population Division · Live births per woman
Madagascar 3.972 · world median 1.962
Highest 6.132 (Somalia)
▲ +4 percentile points since 2013
Not currently covered
The newest edition of these reports does not include Madagascar. Usually the publisher does not cover it; sometimes it has dropped out of a ranking it used to appear in.
- Births Attended by Skilled Health Staff · last seen 2018
- Container Port Traffic · last seen 2019
- Digitally-Deliverable Services Exports · last seen 2022
- Fatal Occupational Injuries
- Female Genital Mutilation Prevalence
- Female Share of Senior and Middle Management · last seen 2022
- Gender Social Norms Index
- Gini Index · last seen 2021
- Government Funding per Primary Student · last seen 2012
- ICT Goods Exports · last seen 2023
- ICT Services Exports · last seen 2022
- Inbound Mobility Rate, Tertiary · last seen 2023
- Income Share Held by Lowest 20% · last seen 2021
- Income Share Held by Richest 10% · last seen 2021
- Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) · last seen 2024
- Median Daily Income or Consumption per Person · last seen 2021
- Palma Ratio · last seen 2021
- PISA Mathematics Performance
- PISA Reading Performance
- PISA Science Performance
- Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day · last seen 2021
- Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.00 a Day · last seen 2021
- Poverty Headcount Ratio at $8.30 a Day · last seen 2021
- Prosperity Gap · last seen 2021
- Research and Development Spending · last seen 2017
- School Life Expectancy · last seen 2019
- Secondary School Enrolment · last seen 2021
- Societal Poverty Rate · last seen 2021
- Tertiary Enrolment Ratio · last seen 2023
- Upper Secondary Attainment · last seen 2021
- Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training · last seen 2022
07Keep reading
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08Method
Sources and how to read them
How to read this page
- The scores and ranks belong to their publishers. Nothing is adjusted, rescaled or re-ranked; each is reproduced from the edition named beside it. Where a row says position · derived, the publisher ranks nobody on that measure and the position is ours, made by ordering the published score.
- Each statistic shows its newest edition, which is not always the edition the Country Index uses: the index pins every source to one data year so its average compares like with like.
How a standing is built from percentiles, why Madagascar can move because other countries moved, and why publishers measure between 120 and 215 countries each are set out in full in how a standing is made and what a standing cannot tell you.
Sources
- Statistics: 39 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
- Capital, languages, currency, codes: Wikidata, public domain (CC0).
- Map and land borders: Natural Earth, public domain. Borders are de facto — where administration actually changes — not claimed.
Photographs
The photograph of Madagascar on this page comes from Wikimedia Commons and is shown in greyscale. The photographer and the licence are named beside each one.
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Madagascar: country statistics, rankings and trends. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/madagascar